Publications by authors named "S A Migueles"
Background: Despite suppressive antiretroviral therapy (ART), 15%-30% of people with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) experience a limited recovery of CD4 T cells. Although autoantibodies against the CD4 receptor have previously been identified in people with HIV (PWH), little is known about their longitudinal impact on CD4 T-cell reconstitution.
Methods: Anti-CD4 autoantibodies were evaluated by the fluid-phase luciferase immunoprecipitation systems immunoassay in ART-naive people with advanced HIV (CD4 count ≤100 cells/µL), PWH with CD4 count >200 cells/µL, long-term nonprogressors, people with idiopathic CD4 lymphopenia, people with autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome, and healthy volunteers without HIV.
Human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) infection is characterized by a dynamic and persistent state of viral replication that overwhelms the host immune system in the absence of antiretroviral therapy (ART). The impact of prolonged treatment on the antiviral efficacy of HIV-1-specific CD8 T cells has nonetheless remained unknown. Here, we used single-cell technologies to address this issue in a cohort of aging individuals infected early during the pandemic and subsequently treated with continuous ART.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFExceptional elite controllers represent an extremely rare group of people with HIV-1 (PWH) who exhibit spontaneous, high-level control of viral replication below the limits of detection in sensitive clinical monitoring assays and without disease progression in the absence of antiretroviral therapy for prolonged periods, frequently exceeding 25 years. Here, we discuss the different cases that have been reported in the scientific literature, their unique genetic, virological, and immunological characteristics, and their relevance as the best model for the functional cure of HIV-1.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFArticle Synopsis
- - Current HIV vaccines aimed at boosting CD8 T cells haven't effectively controlled the virus after infection.
- - Research shows that the cytotoxic ability of vaccine-induced CD8 T cells is lower than in those who naturally control HIV, due to insufficient degranulation when facing low levels of antigens from infected cells.
- - The study indicates that the polyclonal nature of the vaccine-induced T cell receptor (TCR) repertoire limits their effectiveness, suggesting that better CD8 T cell responses might need vaccines that promote stronger clonal selection of TCRs.
Background: Residual inflammation in people with HIV (PWH) despite suppression of HIV replication is associated with many comorbidities including cardiovascular disease. Targeting inflammation may decrease the risk of cardiovascular disease.
Methods: An open label randomized study was conducted to evaluate the effect of nine months of 81 mg aspirin versus 40 mg atorvastatin in antiretroviral therapy (ART) treated PWH and elite controllers (EC), not on ART.