Review of the occurrence, treatment technologies, and detection methods for saxitoxins in freshwaters.

The increasing occurrence of saxitoxins in freshwaters is becoming a concern for water treatment facilities owing to its structural properties which make it resistant to oxidation at pH < 8. Hence, it is crucial to be able to monitor these toxins in surface and drinking water to protect public health. This review aims to outline the current state of knowledge related to the occurrence of saxitoxins in freshwaters and its removal strategies and provide a critical assessment of the detection methods to provide a basis for further development.

Updating the Standards of Professional Competence in the Field of Toxicology: The Second Generation of Best Practice.

The American Board of Toxicology (ABT), in consultation with ACT Credentialing & Career Services (ACT), performed a practice analysis study of general toxicology in 2020-21. This work follows up on an initial practice analysis commissioned by the ABT and conducted in 2014-2015, results of which were published in 2016. The purpose of the current, second-generation study was to update and validate the existing process-based delineation of practice of general toxicologists, including major domains of responsibility and tasks performed in practice.

Endocrine-disrupting substances: I. Relative risks of PFAS in drinking water.

Concentrations of per and polyfluorinated alkyl substances (PFAS) in drinking water are significantly lower than in vivo levels of the native target hormone. These concentrations are orders of magnitude lower than the hormone in question, particularly when corrected for transactivation. A pregnant woman can excrete about 7,000 μg/day of total estrogens.