[Prevalence of Risk Factors of Non-Communicable Disease in Kyrgyzstan: Assessment using WHO STEPS Approach].

Assessment of prevalence of risk factors for non-communicable diseases (NCD) based on WHO "STEPS" approach was conducted in Kyrgyzstan. Results of this study demonstrated high prevalence of NCD risk factors: 94.2% of subjects aged 24-64 years had risk factors.

[Pulmonary hypertension and right ventricular failure. Part XII. Nitrous oxide and phosphodiesterase inhibitors in the treatment of primary pulmonary arterial hypertension].

In a series of articles the authors discuss literature data concerning epidemiology of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), its modern classification; peculiarities of its pathogenesis and treatment in various diseases and conditions. The twelfth communication contains consideration of inhaled nitrous oxide and three available inhibitors of phosphodiesterase type 5 (sildenafil, tadalafil, and vardenafil). The place of nitrous oxide in diagnostics and short term treatment of PAH is discussed.

[Pulmonary hypertension and right ventricular failure. Part XI. Endothelin receptor blockers in the treatment of primary pulmonary arterial hypertension].

In a series of articles the authors discuss literature data concerning epidemiology of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), its current classification; peculiarities of its pathogenesis and treatment in various diseases and conditions. In the eleventh communication the authors discuss literature data related to the role of endothelin system in pathogenesis of primary (idiopathic) PAH, as well as PAH associated with diffuse diseases of connective tissue and congenital heart disease. This communication also contains presentation of clinical pharmacology of three available endothelin receptor blockers - bosentan, sitaxsentan, ambrisentan, and analysis of results of randomized controlled trials of efficacy and safety of these agents in patients with idiopathic PAH and PAH associated with diffuse diseases of connective tissue and congenital heart disease.

[Pulmonary hypertension and right ventricular failure. Part X. Prostanoids in the treatment of primary pulmonary arterial hypertension].

In a series of articles the authors discuss literature data concerning epidemiology of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), its modern classification; peculiarities of its pathogenesis and treatment in various diseases and conditions. The tenth communication contains consideration of results of controlled trials of prostacyclin and its synthetic analogues in patients with primary (idiopathic) PAH, and PAH associated with diffuse diseases of connective tissue, congenital heart disease, HIV-infection. Continuous intravenous infusion of prostacyclin (epoprostenol) has made a revolution in the treatment of patient with severe PAH because its long-term use is associated with improvement of survival of patients refractory to high doses of calcium antagonists.

[Pulmonary hypertension and right ventricular failure. Part IX. Traditional therapy of primary pulmonary arterial hypertension].

In a series of articles the authors discuss literature data concerning epidemiology of pulmonary hypertension (PH), its modern classification; peculiarities of its pathogenesis and treatment in various diseases and conditions. In the nine communication they describe presentations of PH and methods of its instrumental diagnostics. This part also contains discussion of problems of differential diagnosis of diseases which can be complicated by PH, contemplation of natural course of primary (idiopathic) PH and factors determining its prognosis.