Questionnaire on the surgical indications for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma administered to Japanese board-certified expert hepatobiliary and pancreatic surgeons and instructors.

Background: Treatment of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) remains challenging owing to the lack of clear guidelines on surgical resection. The 2021 ICC guidelines have not fully resolved the ongoing debate between surgical and nonsurgical treatment options. This study aimed to identify trends and issues in ICC treatment strategies in the clinical field by surveying the attitudes of hepatobiliary and pancreatic (HBP) surgeons.

Regulation of fibronectin and collagens type I, III and VI by TNF-α, TGF-β, IL-13, and tofacitinib.

Understanding how inflammatory cytokines influence profibrogenic wound healing responses in fibroblasts is important for understanding the pathogenesis of fibrosis. TNF-α and IL-13 are key cytokines in Th1 and Th2 immune responses, respectively, while TGF-β1 is the principal pro-fibrotic mediator. We show that 12-day fibroblast culture with TNF-α or IL-13 induces fibrogenesis, marked by progressively increasing type III and VI collagen formation, and that TGF-β1 co-stimulation amplifies these effects.

Bovine Lactoferrin Enhances Toll-like Receptor 7 Response in Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells and Modulates Cellular Immunity.

Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) express Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) in the endosomes, recognize viral single-stranded RNA (ssRNA), and produce significant amounts of interferon (IFN)-α. Bovine lactoferrin (LF) enhances the response of IFN regulatory factors followed by the activation of IFN-sensitive response elements located in the promoter regions of the gene and IFN-stimulated genes in the TLR7 reporter THP-1 cells in the presence of R-848, a TLR7 agonist. In ex vivo experiments using human peripheral blood mononuclear cells, LF enhances IFN-α levels in the supernatant in the presence of R-848.

Satisfaction, effectiveness, and usability of telerehabilitation for Parkinson's disease patients.

Objective: To evaluate the satisfaction, effectiveness, and usability of a telerehabilitation programme for Parkinson's disease (PD) patients.

Design: Prospective cohort study.

Subjects/patients: PD patients based on the diagnostic criteria for clinically established or probable PD published by the International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.

Induction of interleukin 21 receptor expression via enhanced intracellular metabolism in B cells and its relevance to the disease activity in systemic lupus erythematosus.

Objective: To elucidate the association between the changes in intracellular metabolism in the early stage of B cell activation and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) pathogenesis.

Methods: CD19 or CD19CD27 (naïve) cells from the peripheral blood of healthy controls and lupus patients were cultured under different stimuli. The changes in intracellular metabolism and signalling pathways in these cells were evaluated.