Kidney function estimation equations: a narrative review.

Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) as a marker of kidney function is important in health and disease management because decreased kidney function is associated with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality, progression of kidney disease, predisposition to acute kidney injury (AKI), and for drug dosage modification. While measured glomerular filtration rate (mGFR) is acknowledged as the most accurate method for evaluating kidney function, it is at present not feasible to be applied in the clinical arena. Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) is preferred due to its convenience, cost-effectiveness, and seamless integration into standard clinical practice for kidney function evaluation.

PET-Assessed Metabolic Tumor Volume Across the Spectrum of Solid-Organ Malignancies: A Review of the Literature.

Solid-organ malignancies represent a significant disease burden and remain one of the leading causes of death globally. In the past few decades, the rapid evolution of imaging modalities has shifted the paradigm towards image-based precision medicine, especially in the care of patients with solid-organ malignancies. Metabolic tumor volume (MTV) is one such semi-quantitative parameter obtained from positron emission tomography (PET) imaging with F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) that has been shown to have significant implications in the clinical oncology setting.

Impact of Co-doping Eu and Gd in HMO-Based Glasses for Structural and Optical Properties and Radiation Shielding Enhancement.

Eu-Gd co-doped glasses composed of 15BO-12SiO-(40-x)TeO-3EuO-xGdO-12BiO-8BaO-10ZnO with x = 0-4 mol% (coded as EuGd-x) were fabricated using melt quench approach to develop transparent radiation shielding system. Their structural, optical and mechanical properties were examined. 5.

Routine Fundoscopy: Unravelling Undiagnosed Significant Coarctation of the Aorta.

A 10-year-old boy was brought to the outpatient department with complaints of diminished vision for two years. On examination, the best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) in oculus dexter (OD) was 20/40 and in oculus sinister (OS) was 20/80. The patient was dilated for routine fundoscopy, which revealed grade IV hypertensive retinopathy changes in both eyes, with a macular fan in the left eye.