Cyanobacterial Cultures, Cell Extracts, and Individual Toxins Decrease Photosynthesis in the Terrestrial Plants and .

Cyanobacterial harmful algal blooms (cHABs) are increasing due to eutrophication and climate change, as is irrigation of crops with freshwater contaminated with cHAB toxins. A few studies, mostly in aquatic protists and plants, have investigated the effects of cHAB toxins or cell extracts on various aspects of photosynthesis, with variable effects reported (negative to neutral to positive). We examined the effects of cyanobacterial live cultures and cell extracts ( or ) and individual cHAB toxins (anatoxin-a, ANA; beta-methyl-amino-L-alanine, BMAA; lipopolysaccharide, LPS; microcystin-LR, MC-LR) on photosynthesis in intact plants and leaf pieces in corn () and lettuce ().

Species Survey of Leaf Hyponasty Responses to Warming Plus Elevated CO.

Atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO) concentrations are increasing and may exceed 800 ppm by 2100. This is increasing global mean temperatures and the frequency and severity of heatwaves. Recently, we showed for the first time that the combination of short-term warming and elevated carbon dioxide (eCO) caused extreme upward bending (i.

A meta-analysis of the combined effects of elevated carbon dioxide and chronic warming on plant %N, protein content and N-uptake rate.

Elevated CO (eCO) and high temperatures are known to affect plant nitrogen (N) metabolism. Though the combined effects of eCO and chronic warming on plant N relations have been studied in some detail, a comprehensive statistical review on this topic is lacking. This meta-analysis examined the effects of eCO plus warming on shoot and root %N, tissue protein concentration (root, shoot and grain) and N-uptake rate.

Elevated Carbon Dioxide and Chronic Warming Together Decrease Nitrogen Uptake Rate, Net Translocation, and Assimilation in Tomato.

The response of plant N relations to the combination of elevated CO (eCO) and warming are poorly understood. To study this, tomato () plants were grown at 400 or 700 ppm CO and 33/28 or 38/33 °C (day/night), and their soil was labeled with NO or NH. Plant dry mass, root N-uptake rate, root-to-shoot net N translocation, whole-plant N assimilation, and root resource availability (%C, %N, total nonstructural carbohydrates) were measured.

Effects of Elevated Carbon Dioxide and Chronic Warming on Nitrogen (N)-Uptake Rate, -Assimilation, and -Concentration of Wheat.

The concentration of nitrogen (N) in vegetative tissues is largely dependent on the balance among growth, root N uptake, and N assimilation. Elevated CO (eCO) plus warming is likely to affect the vegetative-tissue N and protein concentration of wheat by altering N metabolism, but this is poorly understood. To investigate this, spring wheat () was grown for three weeks at two levels of CO (400 or 700 ppm) and two temperature regimes (26/21 or 31/26 °C, day/night).