Metabolomics of exhaled breath in critically ill COVID-19 patients: A pilot study.

Background: Early diagnosis of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is of the utmost importance but remains challenging. The objective of the current study was to characterize exhaled breath from mechanically ventilated adults with COVID-19.

Methods: In this prospective observational study, we used real-time, online, proton transfer reaction time-of-flight mass spectrometry to perform a metabolomic analysis of expired air from adults undergoing invasive mechanical ventilation in the intensive care unit due to severe COVID-19 or non-COVID-19 acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).

Aerial strategies advance volcanic gas measurements at inaccessible, strongly degassing volcanoes.

Volcanic emissions are a critical pathway in Earth's carbon cycle. Here, we show that aerial measurements of volcanic gases using unoccupied aerial systems (UAS) transform our ability to measure and monitor plumes remotely and to constrain global volatile fluxes from volcanoes. Combining multi-scale measurements from ground-based remote sensing, long-range aerial sampling, and satellites, we present comprehensive gas fluxes-3760 ± [600, 310] tons day CO and 5150 ± [730, 340] tons day SO-for a strong yet previously uncharacterized volcanic emitter: Manam, Papua New Guinea.

The emissions of CO and other volatiles from the world's subaerial volcanoes.

Volcanoes are the main pathway to the surface for volatiles that are stored within the Earth. Carbon dioxide (CO) is of particular interest because of its potential for climate forcing. Understanding the balance of CO that is transferred from the Earth's surface to the Earth's interior, hinges on accurate quantification of the long-term emissions of volcanic CO to the atmosphere.

Earth Observations from DSCOVR/EPIC Instrument.

The NOAA Deep Space Climate Observatory (DSCOVR) spacecraft was launched on February 11, 2015, and in June 2015 achieved its orbit at the first Lagrange point or L1, 1.5 million km from Earth towards the Sun. There are two NASA Earth observing instruments onboard: the Earth Polychromatic Imaging Camera (EPIC) and the National Institute of Standards and Technology Advanced Radiometer (NISTAR).

Author Correction: India Is Overtaking China as the World's Largest Emitter of Anthropogenic Sulfur Dioxide.

A correction to this article has been published and is linked from the HTML and PDF versions of this paper. The error has been fixed in the paper.