Public Health.

Background: The projected doubling of dementia prevalence by 2050 highlights the critical importance of altering the dementia trajectory and associated burden. Modifiable risk factors account for 40% of dementia risk (Livingston et al, 2020), including physical inactivity in late life. Protective effects of physical activity (PA) may be greater during earlier stages of neuropathological change, either directly by influencing the brain, or, indirectly by protecting against hypertension, obesity, and diabetes.

Tomato roots exhibit distinct, development-specific responses to bacterial-derived peptides.

Plants possess cell-surface recognition receptors that detect molecular patterns from microbial invaders and initiate an immune response. Understanding the conservation of pattern-triggered immunity within different plant organs and across species is crucial to its sustainable and effective use in plant disease management but is currently unclear.We examined the activation and immune response patterns of three pattern recognition receptors (PRRs: FLS2, FLS3, and CORE) in different developmental regions of roots and in leaves of multiple accessions of domesticated and wild tomato ( and ) using biochemical and genetic assays.

Psychometrics of drift-diffusion model parameters derived from the Eriksen flanker task: Reliability and validity in two independent samples.

The flanker task is a widely used measure of cognitive control abilities. Drift-diffusion modeling of flanker task behavior can yield separable parameters of cognitive control-related subprocesses, but the parameters' psychometrics are not well-established. We examined the reliability and validity of four behavioral measures: (1) raw accuracy, (2) reaction time (RT) interference, (3) NIH Toolbox flanker score, and (4) two drift-diffusion model (DDM) parameters-drift rate and boundary separation-capturing evidence accumulation efficiency and speed-accuracy trade-off, respectively.

Hand therapy interventions for the prevention of chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy of the hands in patients with pancreatic cancer.

Background: Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN), a common problem, can impair function and quality of life in patients, potentially limiting chemotherapy and adversely affecting outcomes.

Methods: This trial compared investigational hand therapy intervention (Investigational) compared with a traditional occupational therapy approach (Traditional) to prevent CIPN in patients with pancreatic cancer receiving gemcitabine and albumin-bound paclitaxel containing regimens.

Results: forty-nine patients were enrolled with 40 evaluable for statistical analysis (21 Investigational/19 Traditional).

Organoid culture promotes dedifferentiation of mouse myoblasts into stem cells capable of complete muscle regeneration.

Experimental cell therapies for skeletal muscle conditions have shown little success, primarily because they use committed myogenic progenitors rather than true muscle stem cells, known as satellite cells. Here we present a method to generate in vitro-derived satellite cells (idSCs) from skeletal muscle tissue. When transplanted in small numbers into mouse muscle, mouse idSCs fuse into myofibers, repopulate the satellite cell niche, self-renew, support multiple rounds of muscle regeneration and improve force production on par with freshly isolated satellite cells in damaged skeletal muscle.