Funding and financial sustainability of pharmacovigilance: suggested models for funding pharmacovigilance in resource-limited African countries.

Background: An important factor hindering the growth of pharmacovigilance (PV) in resource-limited settings is the lack of adequate funds to establish a functional National Pharmacovigilance System. Consequently, the crucial function of monitoring and ensuring the availability of safe medicines in these settings cannot be guaranteed considering the peculiarities of diseases and medicines used.

Objectives: The objective of this paper is to provide an overview as to the availability of potential sources of funds, which could be explored to ensure Medicine Safety and to proffer a potential framework likely to ensure sustainable funding of PV in Africa.

An Evaluation of the Knowledge and Utilization of the Essential Medicines List among Health Professionals in Six Tertiary Institutions in Nigeria.

Background: The introduction and operationalization of the Essential Medicines (EM) concept remains a major achievement of the WHO. This study assessed the current knowledge, utilization, and perception of the Essential Medicines programme in Nigeria.

Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted across six tertiary health institutions in Southern Nigeria from January to July 2018.

Arterial Oxygen Saturation and other Clinical Predictors of Survival in Patients with Covid-19: A Review of Cases in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Nigeria.

Background: We assessed clinical parameters in patients confirmed to have COVID-19 in relation to arterial hypoxaemia and survival.

Methodology: This was a retrospective chart review of patients who were confirmed positive for SARS-CoV-2 virus by Real Time-Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) testing. Data extracted from patients' case files included patient demographics, presenting symptoms, provisional diagnoses, and outcomes of hospitalisation.

Cohort event monitoring of patients treated for uncomplicated malaria with artemisinin-based combination therapies in selected hospitals and community pharmacies in Nigeria.

Aims And Objectives: The study was designed with the broad objective of determining the safety profile of artemisinin-based combination therapies amongst Nigerian population.

Patients And Methods: This was a cohort event monitoring (CEM) programme involving monitoring adverse events (AEs) in malaria patients treated with either artemether-lumefantrine (AL) or artesunate-amodiaquine (AA) in healthcare facilities in Nigeria. The study involved continuous enrolment of patients with malaria and treated with either AL or AA at the various sites until a total cohort of 600 patients were enrolled at each site.