Heavy metal immobilization in soil near abandoned mines using eggshell waste and rapeseed residue.

Heavy metal contamination of agricultural soils has received great concern due to potential risk to human health. Cadmium and Pb are largely released from abandoned or closed mines in Korea, resulting in soil contamination. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of eggshell waste in combination with the conventional nitrogen, phosphorous, and potassium fertilizer (also known as NPK fertilizer) or the rapeseed residue on immobilization of Cd and Pb in the rice paddy soil.

The effect of the source of transfused blood on the rate of consumption of transfused red blood cells in pregnancies affected by red blood cell alloimmunization.

Objective: Our purpose was to compare the rate of consumption of maternally donated red blood cells with the rate of red blood cells from volunteers in fetuses affected by red blood cell alloimmunization.

Study Design: The rate of hemoglobin decline was calculated in 293 fetal transfusions in 52 pregnancies, in 43 patients affected by red blood cell alloimmunization from 1987 to 1996. Fifty-eight transfusions were excluded from analysis.