Diastereoselective Anomeric C(sp)-H Cyclization Towards the Design of New Cyclophane-Braced Glycopeptides.

Here we report a macrocyclization route towards the synthesis of glycophane peptides by a selective C-H arylation of the anomeric bond. This approach demonstrates the power of Pd-catalysis C-H activation to access unusual cyclic peptides.

Synthesis of 3,3-Spirocyclic 2-Phosphonoindolines via a Dearomative Addition of Phosphonyl Radicals to Indoles.

The diastereoselective synthesis of α-amino phosphonate derivatives embedded in spirocyclic indolines is reported. The present method proceeds via the dearomative addition of phosphonyl radicals at the C2-position of the indole nucleus in oxidative conditions followed by the intramolecular trapping of the resulting carbocation before rearomatization. trans-3,3-Spirocyclic 2-phosphonoindolines were thus obtained.

Radical-Mediated Dearomatization of Indoles with Sulfinate Reagents for the Synthesis of Fluorinated Spirocyclic Indolines.

The dearomative introduction of trifluoromethyl and 1,1-difluoroethyl radicals, generated from their corresponding sulfinate salts, into the C2 position of indole derivatives allows the diastereoselective synthesis of three-dimensional 3,3-spirocyclic indolines over C-H functionalized indoles.

[Environmental factors and male infertility in industrial cities].

Unfavourable environmental factors of industry in the cities can cause changes in male reproductive system leading to infertility. The majority of chemical substances revealed in the atmosphere and in the ground of cities and regions are reprotoxicants with damaging effects on different stages of germinal cells maturation. Besides the environmental factors some occupational pollutants can have gonadotropic activity and also result in the disturbances of spermatogenesis.

[Clinical, pathophysiological and morphological features of closed craniocerebral trauma in combatants].

We studied clinicodynamic features of neuropsychic disorders resultant from a combat craniocerebral trauma (CCT) in patients of Nizhny Novgorod Regional Neurological Hospital for War Veterans (n = 420). The patients were divided into three groups: with mild, moderate and severe traumas. All the patients were examined clinically and clinicophysiologically (electroencephalography, computer tomography, electrocardiography, ultrasound and X-ray investigations).

[A method of examining the seminal fluid].

Clinical trails of a photo-television device for the assessment of the semen by the count of spermatozoa, their mobility and velocity were carried out. Preliminary treatment of the sperm sample TV image, used in this device, helps essentially improve the photomethod resolution. A method for the quantitative estimation of the results of microscopic examination of the semen is described.

[Ultrastructure of the spermatozoa of rats undergoing hypothermia].

It has been found that the cooling of rats up to +28 degrees and +20 degrees C induced considerable ultrastructural alterations of the plasma membrane, nucleus, acrosome and mitochondria of ejaculated spermatozoa. The data obtained show a correlation between the level of the artificial hypothermia and the number of changed cells. The higher percentage of pathological spermatozoa was revealed in the ejaculate of cooled rats without narcosis.

[Effect of artificial hypothermia on the reproductive capacity of male rats].

It has been shown that artificial hypothermia up to +20 degrees C depresses reproduction function in sexually mature male rats. The data obtained attest to an abrupt decrease in the percentage of effective conceptions over two months after hypothermia. The vital capacity of the embryos was reduced primarily at the expense of high postimplantation mortality.

[Ultrastructural characteristics of localization of lactate dehydrogenase in the kidney glomerulus].

Lactate dehydrogenase was studied in dog's kidney glomeruli using electron microscope. Detection of the enzyme in the podocyte confirms the principle of structural integration of glycolytical enzyme on the membranes.