A Model of Predictive Postural Control Against Floor Tilting in Rats.

Humans and animals learn the internal model of bodies and environments from their experience and stabilize posture against disturbances based on the predicted future states according to the internal model. We evaluated the mechanism of predictive control during standing, by using rats to construct a novel experimental system and comparing their behaviors with a mathematical model. In the experiments, rats ( = 6) that were standing upright using their hindlimbs were given a sensory input of light, after a certain period, the floor under them tilted backward.

Postoperative Pain Management in Patients With Ulcerative Colitis.

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a group of chronic inflammatory disorders of the gastrointestinal tract including ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease. Pain management can be challenging in patients with IBD because there are limitations on the use of analgesics. Use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs is not recommended in patients with IBD because there is risk of relapse of IBD and an overall increase in disease activity.