Profiling of phenolic acids, flavonoids, terpenoids, and steroid derivatives in coconut ( L.) haustorium.

Unlabelled: Coconut haustorium (CH) is formed inside coconut shell during coconut germination. This study aimed to investigate the compositions and contents of CH phytochemicals. Phytochemical compositions and contents in CH were analyzed by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) and spectrophotometrical method.

Effects of roasting and ultrasound-assisted enzymatic treatment of Nigella sativa L. seeds on thymoquinone in the oil and antioxidant activity of defatted seed meal.

Background: Black cumin seeds (black seed; BS) contain various bioactive compounds, such as thymoquinone (TQ). Roasting and ultrasound-assisted enzymatic treatment (UAET) as pre-treatments can increase the phytochemical content in the BS oil. This study aimed to investigate the effects of pre-treatments on the TQ content and the yield of the BS oil and to profile the composition of defatted BS meal (DBSM), followed by evaluating antioxidant properties of the DBSM.

Anti-inflammatory activities of black raspberry seed ellagitannins and their structural effects on the stimulation of glucagon-like peptide-1 secretion and intestinal bitter taste receptors.

This study aimed to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of ellagitannins from black raspberry seeds (BS) and the structural effects of ellagitannins on glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) secretion and intestinal bitter taste receptor (TAS2R) stimulation. For animal study, BS ellagitannin fraction (BSEF) was orally administered to mice with colitis induced by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS). The BSEF supplementation alleviated colonic inflammation, regulated inflammation-related cytokine levels in the mice with colitis, and increased the total GLP-1 secretion and GLP-1 receptor mRNA level in the inflamed gut.

Effects of black raspberry extract on gut microbiota, microbial metabolites, and expressions of the genes involved in cholesterol and bile acid metabolisms in rats fed excessive choline with a high-fat diet.

Unlabelled: In our previous study, black raspberry (BR) reduced the serum levels of trimethylamine--oxide and cholesterol in rats fed excessive choline with a high-fat diet (HFC). We hypothesized that gut microbiota could play a crucial role in the production of trimethylamine and microbial metabolites, and BR could influence gut microbial composition. This study aimed to elucidate the role of BR on changes in gut microbiota and microbial metabolites in the rats.

Black raspberry extract can lower serum LDL cholesterol via modulation of gut microbial composition and serum bile acid profile in rats fed trimethylamine-N-oxide with a high-fat diet.

Unlabelled: Blood trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) has been associated with cardiovascular disease. Black raspberry (, BR) has been regarded to be beneficial for cardiovascular health. This study aimed to investigate how BR extract affects serum lipid profile, gut microbial composition, metabolites in rats fed TMAO with a high-fat diet.

Optimization of accelerated solvent extraction of ellagitannins in black raspberry seeds using artificial neural network coupled with genetic algorithm.

This study aimed to identify ellagitannins in black raspberry seeds (BRS) and to optimize accelerated solvent extraction of ellagitannins using an artificial neural network (ANN) coupled with genetic algorithm. Fifteen monomeric and dimeric ellagitannins were identified in BRS. For ANN modeling, extraction time, extraction temperature, and solvent concentration were set as input variables, and total ellagitannin content was set as output variable.

Phenolics in buckwheat hull extracts and their antioxidant activities on bulk oil and emulsions.

Buckwheat hulls are discarded as waste, although they have more phenolic compounds than buckwheat groats. The antioxidant activities of buckwheat hull extracts prepared with water, 50% ethanol, and 100% ethanol were investigated in bulk oil, oil-in-water (O/W), and water-in-oil (W/O) emulsions. The relationship between the phenolic compositions of the extracts and their antioxidant activities in the three different lipid systems was also evaluated.

Antibacterial effect of cell-free supernatant fraction from Lactobacillus paracasei CH88 against Gardnerella vaginalis.

Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is the most common vaginal infection in reproductive women, which is characterized by depleted level of lactic acid bacteria and overgrowth of anaerobes such as Gardnerella vaginalis spp. Lactic acid bacteria have been known to be beneficial for amelioration of BV, since they produce antimicrobial substances against G. vaginalis spp.

Effect of therapeutic hypothermia against renal injury in a rat model of asphyxial cardiac arrest: Α focus on the survival rate, pathophysiology and antioxidant enzymes.

Although multi‑organ dysfunction is associated with the survival rate following cardiac arrest (CA), the majority of studies to date have focused on hearts and brains, and few studies have considered renal failure. The objective of the present study, therefore, was to examine the effects of therapeutic hypothermia on the survival rate, pathophysiology and antioxidant enzymes in rat kidneys following asphyxial CA. Rats were sacrificed one day following CA.

Antibacterial Photodynamic Inactivation of Fagopyrin F from Tartary Buckwheat () Flower against and Its Biofilm.

The objective of this study was to determine reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by fagopyrin F-rich fraction (FFF) separated from Tartary buckwheat flower extract exposed to lights and to investigate its antibacterial photodynamic inactivation (PDI) against and its biofilm. ROS producing mechanisms involving FFF with light exposure were determined using a spectrophotometer and a fluorometer. and its biofilm inactivation after PDI treatment of FFF using blue light (BL; 450 nm) were determined by plate count method and crystal violet assay, respectively.

Upregulation of Potassium Voltage-Gated Channel Subfamily J Member 2 Levels in the Lungs of Patients with Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis.

Background: Fibroblast dysfunction is the main pathogenic mechanism underpinning idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily J member 2 (KCNJ2) plays critical roles in the proliferation of myofibroblasts and in the development of cardiac fibrosis.

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the role of KCNJ2 in IPF.

Effects of air pollution on moderate and severe asthma exacerbations.

Few studies have evaluated the impact of air pollution levels on the severity of exacerbations. Thus, we compared the relative risks posed by air pollutant levels on moderate and severe exacerbations. Exacerbation episodes of 618 from 143 adult asthmatics were retrospectively collected between 2005 and 2015 in a tertiary hospital of Korea.