Nonlinear electrical impedance spectroscopy of viruses using very high electric fields created by nanogap electrodes.

Our living sphere is constantly exposed to a wide range of pathogenic viruses, which can be either known, or of novel origin. Currently, there is no methodology for continuously monitoring the environment for viruses in general, much less a methodology that allows the rapid and sensitive identification of a wide variety of viruses responsible for communicable diseases. Traditional approaches, based on PCR and immunodetection systems, only detect known or specifically targeted viruses.

Nanoscale etching and flattening of metals with ozone water.

Etchants used for metal etching are generally harmful to the environment. We propose an environmentally friendly method that uses ozone water to etch metals. We measured the dependencies of ozone water etching on the temperature and ozone concentration for several metals and evaluated the surface roughness of the etched surfaces.