Effectiveness of Internet-Based Personalized Normative Feedback Among Individuals Experiencing Problem Gambling: Randomized Controlled Trial.

This study aimed to examine whether fully automated and Internet-based personalized normative feedback (GAMCHECK) improves problem gambling symptoms and behaviors. We used a randomized parallel-group superiority design to examine whether GAMCHECK would be more effective than an assessment-only (AO) condition at 12-week follow-up. This study was conducted online using questionnaires and the LINE app.

Impact of clozapine once-daily versus multiple-daily dosing regimen on relapse in patients with treatment-resistant schizophrenia: A 1-year retrospective cohort study.

Rationale: Clozapine, the standard treatment for treatment-resistant schizophrenia (TRS), is generally recommended in a multiple-daily dosing regimen. However, it is commonly administered once daily in clinical practice. Few studies have compared the longitudinal clinical outcomes of these two dosing regimens.

A smartphone app-based intervention combined with face-to-face sessions for alcohol dependence at internal medicine clinics: A randomized controlled trial.

Background: Addressing the limited access to treatments for alcohol dependence, we developed ALM-002, a therapeutic application to be "prescribed" for non-abstinence-oriented treatment in internal medicine settings. Our objective was to preliminarily assess the efficacy and safety of ALM-002.

Methods: In a multicenter, open-label randomized controlled trial, participants aged ≥20 with alcohol dependence and daily alcohol consumption exceeding 60 g for men and 40 g for women, without severe complications, were randomly assigned to either the intervention group using ALM-002 or the treatment-as-usual control group.

National burden of gambling in Japan: an estimation from an online-based cross-sectional investigation and national epidemiological survey.

Background: Gambling is a popular leisure activity in many countries, often expected to boost regional economies. Nevertheless, its negative impacts remain a significant concern. Gambling disorder is recognized as the most severe consequence; however, even non- or low-risk gamblers may also face negative impacts.

The effectiveness of an ultra-brief intervention in 1 min for hazardous drinking in a general hospital setting: A quasi-randomized pilot trial.

Objective: We investigated the effectiveness of an ultra-brief intervention (Ultra-BI) for patients with hazardous drinking behaviors admitted to a general hospital.

Method: In a quasi-randomized controlled trial at a general hospital in Japan, we assigned participants to intervention or control groups based on the last digit of their patient ID (odd for intervention, even for control). The study included inpatients with Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test-Consumption (AUDIT-C) scores of ≥5 for men and ≥4 for women.

Prevalence of suspected autism spectrum disorder and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in a Japanese clinical sample with gambling disorder: A cross-sectional study.

Aim: Studies show gambling disorders are associated with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The association between gambling disorders and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has not been well studied, although ASD is often comorbid with ADHD and is associated with gaming disorder. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of ASD and ADHD traits comorbid with gambling disorders and to examine the relationships between these traits and gambling problems in a clinical population.

Association of night-shift work with gambling and problem gambling among workers in Japan: A nationwide cross-sectional study.

Background And Aims: Night-shift work disturbs sleep and is associated with poor health conditions among workers. We aimed to investigate the association between night-shift work and gambling among workers and the association between night-shift work and problem gambling in working and gambling participants.

Methods: This cross-sectional study used data from an online survey conducted between February 6 and 27, 2023 in Japan.

Prevalence of hazardous drinking and suspected alcohol dependence in Japanese primary care settings.

Objective: We aimed to assess the prevalence of hazardous drinking and potential alcohol dependence among Japanese primary care patients, and their readiness to change and awareness of others' concerns.

Methods: From July to August 2023, we conducted a multi-site cross-sectional study as a screening survey for participants in a cluster randomized controlled trial. The trial included outpatients aged 20-74 from primary care clinics.

Efficacy and safety of alcohol reduction pharmacotherapy according to treatment duration in patients with alcohol dependence or alcohol use disorder: A systematic review and network meta-analysis.

Background And Aims: Relapse is common in alcohol dependence (AD) and alcohol use disorder (AUD), so alcohol reduction therapy should be measured over as long a period as possible; however, existing reviews do not consider the duration of treatment and therefore alcohol reduction therapy may not have been appropriately evaluated. This review evaluated the efficacy and safety of alcohol reduction pharmacotherapy in patients with AD or AUD according to the duration of treatment.

Methods: We conducted a systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that assessed 15 pharmacological agents.

Guided versus unguided chatbot-delivered cognitive behavioral intervention for individuals with moderate-risk and problem gambling: A randomized controlled trial (GAMBOT2 study).

Background: Internet-based interventions can be a promising option for individuals with problem gambling facing barriers to seeking help. This study aimed to directly compare the effects of therapist-guided Internet interventions with unguided ones on gambling-related behavior, cognition, and stage of change including help-seeking intention.

Methods: We conducted a participant-blinded randomized controlled trial of therapist-guided versus unguided groups with a 12-week follow-up.

Effect of smoking habits and concomitant valproic acid use on relapse in patients with treatment-resistant schizophrenia receiving clozapine: A 1-year retrospective cohort study.

Introduction: No study has investigated the impact of smoking habits and concomitant valproic acid (VPA) use on clinical outcomes in maintenance treatment with clozapine. Thus, we aimed to examine the effect of smoking habits and concomitant VPA use on relapse during the first year after discharge in patients with treatment-resistant schizophrenia (TRS) receiving clozapine.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study included patients with TRS who were initiated on clozapine during hospitalization and discharged between April 2012 and January 2021 in two tertiary psychiatric hospitals in Japan.

An open competition involving thousands of competitors failed to construct useful abstract classifiers for new diagnostic test accuracy systematic reviews.

There are currently no abstract classifiers, which can be used for new diagnostic test accuracy (DTA) systematic reviews to select primary DTA study abstracts from database searches. Our goal was to develop machine-learning-based abstract classifiers for new DTA systematic reviews through an open competition. We prepared a dataset of abstracts obtained through database searches from 11 reviews in different clinical areas.

The Usefulness of a Smartphone App-Based Smoking Cessation Program for Conventional Cigarette Users, Heated Tobacco Product Users, and Dual Users: Retrospective Study.

Background: Heated tobacco products (HTPs) are widespread in Japan, and smoking cessation of such products has become an important issue owing to the spread of harmful effects from HTPs. The efficacy of online digital therapy has been reported in smoking cessation treatment; however, we have limited evidence of online smoking cessation programs for HTP users.

Objective: In this study, we evaluate the usefulness of the Ascure program for HTP users (defined as exclusive HTP use or dual use of HTP and cigarettes) compared with exclusive cigarette users.

Gender Biases Toward People With Difficulty in Balancing Work and Family Due to ADHD: Two Case Vignette Randomized Studies Featuring Japanese Laypersons and Psychiatrists.

Objective The gender gap in labor force participation is likely larger in adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) than that in the general population. Thus, we investigated whether gender affected the perception toward persons displaying ADHD symptoms and experiencing difficulty in balancing work and family. Methods Both Japanese laypersons and psychiatrists were recruited for web-based surveys in March and October 2020 via an online survey company, Cross Marketing Inc.

Strong chū-hai, a Japanese ready-to-drink high-alcohol-content beverage, and hazardous alcohol use: A nationwide cross-sectional study.

Background: A new ready-to-drink premixed high-alcohol-content beverage, called strong chū-hai, was launched in Japan, and more recently, in Taiwan and Australia. We aimed to examine the popularity and association of strong chū-hai with individual alcohol use, both of which remained unclear.

Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study using data from the Japan "Society and New Tobacco" Internet Survey conducted from February 1 to 28, 2022, in Japan.

Longitudinal changes in clozapine dose in patients with treatment-resistant schizophrenia: a 5-year retrospective cohort study.

This retrospective cohort study aimed to investigate the longitudinal changes in clozapine dose over a 5-year period in patients with treatment-resistant schizophrenia (TRS). Patients with TRS who were administered clozapine at a hospital between April 2012 and December 2016 and continued treatment with clozapine for at least 1 year were included. Clozapine doses were compared at the dose-fixation point, defined as when the same regimen of clozapine had been continued for 8 weeks or longer, and the post-dose-fixation phase, at 12, 36 and 60 months after clozapine initiation.

Prevalence of gambling disorder and its correlates among homeless men in Osaka city, Japan.

Internationally, the prevalence of gambling disorder has been reported to be higher among homeless people than the general population; however, little is known about the factors associated with gambling disorder in this population. The present study aimed to investigate the prevalence of gambling disorder and its associated factors among homeless men using shelters in Osaka City. A cross-sectional survey was conducted from 30 to 2018 to 4 January 2019, using the 2017 Japanese National Survey of Gambling (JNSG) questionnaire, supplemented with questions about homeless experiences, drinking, and smoking.

Patients' acceptability and implementation outcomes of a case management approach to encourage participation in colorectal cancer screening for people with schizophrenia: a qualitative secondary analysis of a mixed-method randomised clinical trial.

Objectives: We examined the efficacy of case management (CM) interventions to encourage participation in colorectal cancer screening for patients with schizophrenia. This study aimed to clarify patients' acceptability of the intervention and the helpful components of the intervention. Simultaneously, the study aimed to determine the acceptability, appropriateness and feasibility of the intervention from the perspective of psychiatric care providers.