Toughening of CAD/CAM all-ceramic crowns by staining slurry.

The ability of staining slurries containing silver and/or potassium compounds to enhance the mechanical properties of a leucite-reinforced glass ceramic (IPS Empress CAD) was investigated by measuring the Vickers hardness, median crack length, toughness, and compressive residual stress of specimens. A staining slurry containing potassium ions was found to increase the toughness of IPS specimens more than a staining slurry containing only silver ions when applied prior to sintering. None of the staining slurries produced any color changes.

[Relationship of the movement of mandibular condyle and occlusal force balance].

Purpose: The present investigation evaluated the relation between the dynamic properties of the bilateral condyle in habitual maximum opening and closing movement and the occlusal force balance with clenching force.

Methods: Nine normal adults participated in this study. The translation of bilateral condyle and the rotation of intercondylar axis in habitual maximum opening and closing movement was measured using Cadiax, (ver.