Tear fluid cytokine analysis: a non-invasive approach for assessing retinopathy of prematurity severity.

Purpose: To determine whether there is a significant association between inflammatory cytokines in the tear fluid and the severity of Retinopathy of Prematurity (ROP).

Study Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Methods: The cytokine levels in tear fluids were determined in 34 eyes with ROP and 18 eyes without ROP.

Profiling miRNAs in tear extracellular vesicles: a pilot study with implications for diagnosis of ocular diseases.

Purpose: To estimate the roles of extracellular vesicles (EVs) in tears and to determine whether their profiles are associated with the type of ocular disease.

Study Design: Cross-sectional study.

Methods: Tear EVs were extracted from 14 healthy participants and from 21 patients with retinal diseases (age-related macular degeneration [AMD] or diabetic macular edema [DME]).

Antiviral cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses for long term prognosis of corneal infection by cytomegalovirus in immunocompetent subjects.

Ocular cytomegalovirus (CMV) infections in immunocompetent individuals are rare, but its activation can cause chronic and relapsing inflammation in anterior segment of the eye resulting in loss of corneal clarity and glaucoma. Fifty five patients with anterior segment CMV infection were assessed for their clinical characteristics, and CMV corneal endotheliitis was found to cause significant loss of corneal endothelial cells. The disease duration with recurrences was significantly correlated with the maximum intraocular level of CMV DNA.

Bilateral diffuse anterior scleritis after unilateral cataract surgery: A case report.

Surgically induced scleritis (SIS) is a rare complication after a variety of ocular surgeries. Majority of the patients had had two or more surgical procedures before the onset of SIS. We report a patient who developed bilateral diffuse scleritis after unilateral cataract surgery.

Role of IL-4 in bone marrow driven dysregulated angiogenesis and age-related macular degeneration.

Age-associated sterile inflammation can cause dysregulated choroidal neovascularization (CNV) as age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Intraocular fluid screening of 234 AMD patients identified high levels of IL-4. The purpose of this study was to determine the functional role of IL-4 in CNV formation using murine CNV model.

Effectiveness of 16S ribosomal DNA real-time PCR and sequencing for diagnosing bacterial keratitis.

Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy of real-time PCR for 16S ribosomal DNA (16S r-DNA) and sequencing for diagnosing microbial keratitis.

Methods: We studied 272 eyes of 272 patients with keratitis. Eyes with keratitis were classified as "definite" (N = 118), "likely" (N = 71), or "non-bacterial" (N = 83) to have bacterial keratitis.

Effectiveness of real-time PCR for diagnosis and prognosis of varicella-zoster virus keratitis.

Purpose: To determine the efficacy of real-time PCR for the diagnosis and prognosis of varicella-zoster virus (VZV) keratitis.

Study Design: Retrospective case series.

Methods: Patients: 545 consecutive patients with keratitis were examined to quantify copy numbers of VZV DNA by real-time PCR.

Corneal endothelial cells activate innate and acquired arm of anti-viral responses after cytomegalovirus infection.

Infection of the corneal endothelial cells by human cytomegalovirus (CMV) is an important cause of corneal endotheliitis. CMV endotheliitis is difficult to completely cure and relapses are frequent. This can cause blinding corneal bullous keratopathy.

Subtenon triamcinolone injection for postoperative cystoid macular edema associated with tafluprost.

Purpose: We report the successful treatment of a case of cystoid macular edema (CME) associated with topical tafluprost, which was accompanied by serous retinal detachment (SRD).

Case: A 78-year-old woman underwent intraocular lens suture surgery, including anterior vitreous cutting, for crystalline lens dislocation in the right eye. Tafluprost was initiated 12 weeks after surgery.

[Efficacy of Gram-Fungiflora Y double staining in diagnosing infectious keratitis].

Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy of Gram-Fungiflora Y double staining for corneal scraping samples collected by impression in diagnosing infectious keratitis.

Subjects And Methods: Two hundred and thirteen eyes of 192 patients suspected of having infectious keratitis were retrospectively studied for the sensitivity and specificity of Gram-Fungiflora Y based on final diagnosis.

Results: Of 165 infectious keratitis eyes, 107 had bacterial keratitis, 54 had fungal keratitis, and 15 had Acanthamoeba keratitis.

Successful treatment of prostaglandin-induced cystoid macular edema with subtenon triamcinolone.

Purpose: Cystoid macular edema (CME) is associated with the use of prostaglandin eye drops after cataract surgery. The study aim was to report on the treatment of two CME patients with subtenon triamcinolone injections.

Methods: Case one was a 70-year-old woman who underwent uneventful cataract surgery.