Distribution and neurochemical characterisation of neurons containing neuregulin 1 in the enteric nervous system within the porcine small intestine.

Introduction: The enteric nervous system (ENS) in the wall of the gastrointestinal tract is complex and comprises many neurons, which are differentiated in terms of structure, function and neurochemistry. Neuregulin 1 (NRG 1) is one of the neuronal factors synthesised in the ENS about the distribution and functions of which relatively little is known. The present study is the first description of the distribution of NRG 1 in the ENS in various segments of the porcine small intestine.

Concentration levels of phthalate metabolites in wild boar hair samples.

Phthalates used in the industry penetrate the environment and negatively affect humans and animals. Hair samples seem to be the best matrix for studies on long-term exposure to phthalates, but till now they were used only in investigations on humans. Moreover, the knowledge of the wild terrestrial animal exposure to phthalates is extremely limited.

Biomonitoring of benzophenones in guano samples of wild bats in Poland.

Benzophenones (BPs) are substances used in the production of sunscreens, cosmetics, and personal care products. However, there is a lack of knowledge of BPs in wild animals. Therefore, the study aimed to assess the concentration of selected BPs commonly used in the cosmetic industry in guano samples collected from 4 colonies of greater mouse-eared bats (Myotis myotis).

Biomonitoring of parabens in wild boars through hair samples analysis.

Parabens are compounds widely utilized in the industry as preservative additives to personal care products, cosmetics and food. They pollute the environment and penetrate to the living organisms through the digestive tract, respiratory system and skin. Till now the knowledge about exposure of terrestrial wild mammals to parabens is extremely scarce.

Sensorineural deafness in purebred white Devon Rex cats.

Background: Data regarding congenital sensorineural deafness (CSD) in client-owned, white Devon Rex cats is limited because most of the information on this disease comes from experiments on mixed-breed cats.

Objectives: Provide data on the occurrence of CSD in a population of client-owned purebred white Devon Rex cats.

Animals: Forty client-owned, purebred, white Devon Rex cats examined at 2 different facilities.

Assessment of perfluoroalkyl substances concentration levels in wild bat guano samples.

Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are substances commonly used in the production of various everyday objects, including among others kitchen dishes, cosmetics, or clothes. They penetrate to the environment and living organisms causing disturbances in the functioning of many internal organs and systems. Due to environmental pollution, wildlife is also exposed to PFASs, but the knowledge about this issue is rather limited.

Exposure assessment to bisphenol A (BPA) and its analogues bisphenol S (BPS) and bisphenol F (BPF) in wild boars by hair analysis.

Bisphenols are widely used in various branches of industry for the production of plastics. They penetrate to the natural environment and thus living organisms. As endocrine disruptors, bisphenols have adverse effects on various internal organs and systems.

Evaluation of Parabens and Bisphenol A Concentration Levels in Wild Bat Guano Samples.

Parabens and bisphenol A are synthetic compounds found in many everyday objects, including bottles, food containers, personal care products, cosmetics and medicines. These substances may penetrate the environment and living organisms, on which they have a negative impact. Till now, numerous studies have described parabens and BPA in humans, but knowledge about terrestrial wild mammals' exposure to these compounds is very limited.

Endocrine Disruptor Bisphenol a Affects the Neurochemical Profile of Nerve Fibers in the Aortic Arch Wall in the Domestic Pig.

Bisphenol A (BPA) is a synthetic compound utilized in industry for the production of various plastics. BPA penetrates into the environment and adversely affects living organisms. Therefore, the influence of various BPA dosages on the neurochemical characteristics of nerve fibers located in the aortic branch wall was investigated in this study utilizing a double immunofluorescence method.

Increased PACAP- and DβH-Positive Hepatic Nerve Fibers after Bisphenol A Exposure.

Bisphenol A (BPA) is an endocrine-disrupting compound (EDC) that can be found nearly everywhere in our polluted world. BPA has been correlated with pathophysiologies that include psychological disorders, especially in children. This study used juvenile porcine models to investigate the effects of BPA on the liver of developing vertebrates in order to determine the effects of BPA on innervated hepatic samples with the use of double-labeled immunofluorescence.

Chemically-Induced Inflammation Changes the Number of Nitrergic Nervous Structures in the Muscular Layer of the Porcine Descending Colon.

The enteric nervous system (ENS) is the part of the nervous system that is located in the wall of the gastrointestinal tract and regulates the majority of the functions of the stomach and intestine. Enteric neurons may contain various active substances that act as neuromediators and/or neuromodulators. One of them is a gaseous substance, namely nitric oxide (NO).

The Influence of High and Low Doses of Acrylamide on Porcine Erythropoiesis.

Introduction: Due to the widespread occurrence of acrylamide in the environment, its likely carcinogen status, and the suitability of the pig model as a human analogue, the authors decided to evaluate the impact of high and low doses of this compound on the processes of erythropoiesis in swine bone marrow.

Material And Methods: The experiment was carried out on Danish Landrace pigs at the age of eight weeks and body weight about 20 kg. The animals were divided into three equal groups consisting of five pigs in each.

Historical Surgical Treatments in Polish Veterinary Medicine.

Several methods of surgical treatments have been used in the history of Polish veterinary medicine, many of which have now been forgotten. In the present study, a review was conducted of Polish-language veterinary medicine books published from the 16th century (when the first books in Polish were printed) to the 20th century. The article contains a description of the most popular surgical methods used in animal treatment in Poland over the centuries including, among others, bloodletting, setons, fonticulus and cauterization.

Aspirin Administration Affects Neurochemical Characterization of Substance P-Like Immunoreactive (SP-LI) Nodose Ganglia Neurons Supplying the Porcine Stomach.

Background: Acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) is a commonly used anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, and analgesic drug, which has many side effects on the gastric mucosal layer. Despite this, knowledge concerning the influence of ASA on neuronal cells supplying the stomach is very scanty.

Methods: This investigation was performed on ten immature gilts of the Large White Polish race divided into two groups (five animals in each): a control group and animals which were treated with ASA.

The Influence of Bisphenol a on the Nitrergic Nervous Structures in the Domestic Porcine Uterus.

Bisphenol A (BPA) is one of the most common environmental pollutants among endocrine disruptors. Due to its similarity to estrogen, BPA may affect estrogen receptors and show adverse effects on many internal organs. The reproductive system is particularly vulnerable to the impact of BPA, but knowledge about BPA-induced changes in the innervation of the uterus is relatively scarce.

Changes in the Neurochemical Characterization of Enteric Neurons in the Porcine Duodenum After Administration of Low-Dose Salmonella Enteritidis Lipopolysaccharides.

Lipopolysaccharides (LPS), also known as lipoglycans or endotoxins, form part of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria. Previous studies have described the various harmful impacts of LPS on humans and animals. Nevertheless, many aspects of these effects are still not fully explained.

Somatostatin as an Active Substance in the Mammalian Enteric Nervous System.

Somatostatin (SOM) is an active substance which most commonly occurs in endocrine cells, as well as in the central and peripheral nervous system. One of the parts of the nervous system where the presence of SOM has been confirmed is the enteric nervous system (ENS), located in the wall of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. It regulates most of the functions of the stomach and intestine and it is characterized by complex organization and a high degree of independence from the central nervous system.

Effect of Simvastatin on Thrombopoiesis in Porcine Bone Marrow.

Introduction: Statins are pharmacological agents commonly used to lower serum cholesterol level. The aim of the experiment was to investigate the effect of the statin simvastatin on thrombopoiesis in the porcine model because it is the closest to the human one regarding physiological and genetic similarities.

Material And Methods: The study was conducted on a group of 32 pigs randomly divided into two equal groups: control and experimental.

Identification of neuropeptide y in superior cervical ganglion neurons that project to the oesophagus - A combined immunohistochemical labelling and retrograde tracing study in pigs.

Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is a neuronal active substance taking part in the regulation of gastrointestinal (GI) tract activity. This study used retrograde neuronal tracing and immunofluorescence methods to analyse NPY-positive neurons located in superior cervical ganglion and supplying the cervical oesophagus in the pig. The presence of NPY was observed in 30% of all neurons supplying the part of oesophagus studied.

Simvastatin-induced Changes in the Leukocytic System of Porcine Bone Marrow.

Introduction: Simvastatin is a substance which is commonly used as a medicine to reduce cholesterol level. Unfortunately, it shows numerous side effects. Simvastatin affects various internal organs, and among other detriments to health may cause persistent muscle weakness, osteolytic processes, headaches, and rashes.

The influence of selenium and vitamin E supplementation on cytological assessment of red blood cell line of bone marrow in fallow deer kept in captivity.

Cytological evaluation of bone marrow smears stained by May-Grünwald Giemsa method was performed. The smears came from 20 fallow deer (Dama dama) 3 days old divided into 2 groups each consisting of 10 animals. The experimental group (E) received intramuscularly selenium and vitamin E at a dose of 3.

Effect of a single-dose parenteral selenium supplement administered to pregnant dairy cows on selenium and iron concentrations and immune status of calves.

The study was performed on 21 H-F calves divided into 3 groups of 7 animals each. The first group was composed of calves whose mothers did not receive an injection of Se preparation. The second and third groups consisted of calves whose mothers were administered injections of Se and vitamin E in a single dose of 10 ml and 30 ml, 10 days before the expected parturition date.

The Influence of Bisphenol A (BPA) on Neuregulin 1-Like Immunoreactive Nerve Fibers in the Wall of Porcine Uterus.

Bisphenol A (BPA), a substance commonly used in the manufacture of plastics, shows multidirectional negative effects on humans and animals. Due to similarities to estrogens, BPA initially leads to disorders in the reproductive system. On the other hand, it is known that neuregulin 1 (NRG-1) is an active substance which enhances the survivability of cells, inhibits apoptosis, and protects tissues against damaging factors.