Chemotherapy versus chemoradiotherapy in borderline resectable and locally advanced pancreatic adenocarcinoma.

The role of radiotherapy in borderline resectable (BRPC) and locally advanced pancreatic carcinoma (LAPC) remains controversial. In our study, we retrospectively evaluated 48 patients with BRPC (14; 29.2%) and LAPC (34; 70.

Benchmarks in colorectal surgery: multinational study to define quality thresholds in high and low anterior resection.

Background: Benchmark comparisons in surgery allow identification of gaps in the quality of care provided. The aim of this study was to determine quality thresholds for high (HAR) and low (LAR) anterior resections in colorectal cancer surgery by applying the concept of benchmarking.

Methods: This 5-year multinational retrospective study included patients who underwent anterior resection for cancer in 19 high-volume centres on five continents.

A comparison of surgical approaches in the treatment of grade C postoperative pancreatic fistula: A retrospective study.

Background: Postoperative pancreatic fistula is one of the most dreaded complications following pancreatic resections with Grade C the most severe. Several possible types of surgical intervention are available but to date, none of them have clearly shown superiority. This study aims to compare different surgical approaches.

The dorsal pancreatic artery: A meta-analysis with clinical correlations.

Background/objectives: The dorsal pancreatic artery is the main artery of the body and tail of the pancreas. Its origin and branching is highly variable. The aim of this study was to perform a meta-analysis to generate pooled prevalence data on the presence and origin of the dorsal pancreatic artery.

Regenerative abilities of a nanofiber wound dressing based on polylactide.

Introduction: The development of an ideal dressing for wound healing remains an unresolved issue. Thanks to the development of electrospinning technology, polymers in the form of nanofibers have come to the forefront of research interest. A modern and very promising dressing material is a “nonwoven” based on nanofibers of the synthetic polymer polylactide (PLA).

Acute appendicitis during the spring COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 - a comparative retrospective study.

Introduction: Acute appendicitis (AA) is the most common abdominal emergency. This article aims to document the impact of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic on timely diagnosis of AA, duration of symptoms before examination in a medical institution, levels of laboratory inflammatory markers, and the length of hospital stay. Collected data were compared with current world literature.

Randomized experimental study of two novel techniques for transanal repair of dehiscent low rectal anastomosis.

Background: Anastomotic leak after low anterior rectal resection is a dreadful complication. Early diagnosis, prompt management of sepsis followed by closure of anastomotic defect may increase chances of anastomotic salvage. In this randomized experimental study, we evaluated two different methods of trans-anal anastomotic repair.

Robotic-assisted surgery for rectal cancer results of a non-randomized study.

Introduction: The Czech Republic belongs to countries in which colorectal cancer significantly contributes to the overall oncological burden. Radical removal of tumor-affected tissues plays a key role in the multimodal therapy of rectal cancer. In the first decade of the third millennium the mini-invasive approach in rectal cancer surgery gradually expanded to include robotic-assisted surgeries.

Minimally invasive pancreatic resection in the light of evidence state of the art.

The trend of minimally invasive surgery expands even into the most technically demanding areas, including HPB surgery. Faster recovery and elimination of surgical site infections achieved with a minimally invasive approach provides, in addition to a better quality of life, the possibility of starting adjuvant treatment earlier. However, evidence of non-inferiority of short-term and oncological results compared to open surgery is required.

Nanofiber Wound Dressing Materials-A Comparative Study of Wound Healing on a Porcine Model.

Background: Nanofiber wound dressings remain the domain of in vitro studies. The purpose of our study was to verify the benefits of chitosan (CTS) and polylactide (PLA)-based nanofiber wound dressings on a porcine model of a naturally contaminated standardized wound and compare them with the conventional dressings, i.e.

Oncosurgery in the Czech Republic.

The article describes the development of oncosurgery in the Czech Republic since the beginning of the century, as well as other perspectives regarding this specialty. The development of surgical treatment of solid malignant tumours in the Czech Republic was evaluated according to the National Cancer Register database and compared to the neighbouring countries, and the educational system of surgeons in oncosurgery was assessed. Although surgery plays a key role in cancer therapy, starting from the beginning of this millennium it has been pushed aside as a service specialty for other disciplines in oncology.

Sex-linked differences in the course of thioacetamide-induced acute liver failure in Lewis rats.

Acute liver failure (ALF) is a clinical syndrome with high mortality rate, resulting from widespread hepatocyte damage. Its pathophysiological background is still poorly understood and preclinical studies evaluating pathophysiology and new potential therapeutic measures are needed. The model of ALF induced by administration of thioacetamide (TAA) in Lewis rats is recommended as optimal; however, the limitation of previous studies was that they were performed predominantly in male rats.

Circulating tumor DNA as a biomarker in metastatic colorectal carcinoma case report.

Introduction: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common malignant disease worldwide. The stage of the disease at the time of diagnosis and the capture of an early recurrence have a direct impact on long-term survival. Existing control screening methods often do not reflect real-time metastatic disease.

Echinococcus multilocularis: Diagnostic problem in a liver core biopsy.

Echinococcus multilocularis causes an aggressive form of hydatidosis whose histomorphological picture is generally not well recognized. We report a case of 39-year-old women presenting with poorly circumscribed nodules in the right hepatic lobe. Owing to the clinical suspicion of focal nodular hyperplasia and hepatocellular adenoma, a core biopsy was performed.

Increasing incidence of tuberculosis diagnosed by surgery: a single centre analysis in low-incidence country.

Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the incidence of thoracic tuberculosis (TB) in patients who underwent surgery for indeterminate lung nodules, mass and pleural effusions.

Methods: A monocentric retrospective study was carried out from 2012 to 2018 in a high-volume thoracic surgery centre. All patients with finding of thoracic TB within surgery and/or confirmed post-surgery were studied.

Significance of postoperative follow-up of patients with metastatic colorectal cancer using circulating tumor DNA.

Background: One of the most notable applications for circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) detection in peripheral blood of patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) is a long-term postoperative follow-up. Sometimes referred to as a "liquid (re)biopsy" it is a minimally invasive procedure and can be performed repeatedly at relatively short intervals (months or even weeks). The presence of the disease and the actual extent of the tumor burden (tumor mass) within the patient's body can be monitored.

Pharmacological stimulation of Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathway attenuates the course of thioacetamide-induced acute liver failure.

Acute liver failure (ALF) is known for extremely high mortality rate, the result of widespread damage of hepatocytes. Orthotopic liver transplantation is the only effective therapy but its application is limited by the scarcity of donor organs. Given the importance in the liver biology of Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathway, we hypothesized that its stimulation could enhance hepatocyte regeneration and attenuate the course of thioacetamide (TAA)-induced ALF in Lewis rats.

Multidisciplinary team in colorectal cancer treatment - analysis of our patients in 2017.

Introduction: Multidisciplinary teams (MDTs) have become a standard part of treating oncological patients. Based on the available data, they have lead to significantly higher survival rates in the treatment of colorectal cancer (CRC). Reported negatives include potentially longer times between diagnoses and the start of appropriate treatment, and the lack of quality controls over the MTDs actions.

Portal vein ligation with alcohol injection - our first experiences.

Introduction: Surgical resection of colorectal liver metastases is a gold standard treatment. The indication criteria still continue expanding. The future liver remnant volume (FLRV) remains the only limiting factor of the resection.

Autologous transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells into the portal vein of the miniature pig; a preliminary experiment for NOTES approach.

Introduction: There is evidence that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) could trans-differentiate into the liver cells in vitro and in vivo and thus may be used as an unfailing source for stem cell therapy of liver disease. Combination of MSCs (with or without their differentiation in vitro) and minimally invasive procedures as laparoscopy or Natural Orifice Transluminal Endoscopic Surgery (NOTES) represents a chance for many patients waiting for liver transplantation in vain.

Methods: Over 30 millions of autologous MSCs at passage 3 were transplanted via the portal vein in an eight months old miniature pig.

Calprotectin and Calgranulin C as Biomarkers of Pancreatic Tumors: Baseline Levels and Level Changes after Surgery.

Pancreatic tumors and their surgical resection are associated with significant morbidity and mortality, and the biomarkers currently used for these conditions have limited sensitivity and specificity. Because calprotectin and calgranulin C serum levels have been demonstrated to be potential biomarkers of certain cancers and complications of major surgery, the levels of both proteins were tested in the current study in patients with benign and malignant pancreatic tumors that were surgically removed. The baseline serum levels and kinetics of calprotectin and calgranulin C during the 7-day postoperative period were evaluated with immunoassays in 98 adult patients who underwent pancreatic surgery.

Assessment of anastomosis perfusion by fluorescent angiography in robotic low rectal resection: the results of a non-randomized study.

Introduction: Colorectal cancer is a major contributor to the overall cancer burden in the Czech population. Anastomotic healing defects are a feared complication which may have a fatal impact on the patient. Fundamental conditions for proper anastomotic healing include sufficient blood supply.

Acute abdomen in drug abusers.

Introduction: Acute abdomen is one of the most important issues in abdominal surgery. Our study aims to describe the differences in clinical presentation of patients, in the course of their hospitalization, and in morbidity and mortality of patients with drug abuse; another aim is to describe our own experience with drug abusers with acute abdomen. Method: Patients with the history of drug abuse and with non-traumatic acute abdomen were included retrospectively to our set.

Gastric duplication cyst communicating to accessory pancreatic lobe: A case report and review of the literature.

Background: The combination of a gastric duplication cyst and duplicated part of the pancreas is an extremely rare developmental defect. The incidence in the population, or the clinical impact thereof, has not been uncovered. Symptoms are unspecific.

Toward a Consensus on Centralization in Surgery.

Objectives: To critically assess centralization policies for highly specialized surgeries in Europe and North America and propose recommendations.

Background/methods: Most countries are increasingly forced to maintain quality medicine at a reasonable cost. An all-inclusive perspective, including health care providers, payers, society as a whole and patients, has ubiquitously failed, arguably for different reasons in environments.