Usefulness of gastric aspirate for the diagnosis of smear-negative pulmonary tuberculosis.

Introduction: Gastric aspirate can be useful for the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) in patients with smear-negative pulmonary TB or without sputum production. The gastric aspirate smear technique has low sensitivity, and a previous report demonstrated that no patient was diagnosed by only gastric aspirate analysis. However, some patients with TB have been negative on sputum examination but positive on gastric aspirate examination, and the incidence of such cases is uncertain.

In-hospital pulmonary rehabilitation after completion of primary respiratory disease treatment improves physical activity and ADL performance: A prospective intervention study.

Introduction: Pulmonary rehabilitation improves the physical condition of patients with chronic respiratory disease; however, there are patients who cannot leave the hospital because of their low activities of daily living (ADLs), despite the completion of primary respiratory disease treatment and rehabilitation during treatment. Therefore, this study demonstrated that those patients recovered their ADLs through in-hospital pulmonary rehabilitation after treatment completion.

Methods: We prospectively studied 24 hospitalized patients who had some remaining symptoms and showed low ADL scores of 9 points or less on the short physical performance battery after undergoing treatment for respiratory disease in Fukujuji Hospital from October 2018 to October 2019, excluding 2 patients who had re-exacerbation and 1 patient who could not be examined using the incremental shuttle walk test (ISWT).

pleural infection that was difficult to treat due to delayed culture: A case report and literature review of 28 cases.

An eighty-three-year-old man suffered from cough, right chest pain, and progressive dyspnea for sixteen days. He had hypoxemia, high white blood cells and C-reactive protein, and moderate right-sided pleural effusion on radiographic imaging. A pleural fluid examination revealed exudate.

Waterproofing spray-associated pneumonitis review: Comparison with acute eosinophilic pneumonia and hypersensitivity pneumonitis.

Waterproofing spray-associated pneumonitis (WAP) proceeds to acute respiratory failure and is characterized by diffuse bilateral ground-glass opacities on computed tomography; however, the detailed characteristics of WAP are unknown. Therefore, this study identified the characteristics of WAP from comparisons with those of acute eosinophilic pneumonia (AEP) and hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP), which show similar features to WAP.Adult patients with WAP, AEP, and HP treated in Fukujuji Hospital from 1990 to 2018 were retrospectively enrolled.

Analysis of risk factors for the development of a post-bronchoscopy respiratory infection in lung cancer patients.

Background: The development of pneumonia following bronchoscopy is a very important post-bronchoscopic complication, while lung abscesses after bronchoscopy are rare. However, bronchoscopic techniques have advanced, and recently, we have observed patients with lung abscess after bronchoscopy. Therefore, the risk factors might vary from those in past reports.

Clinico-microbiological analysis of 121 patients with pulmonary Mycobacteroides abscessus complex disease in Japan - An NTM-JRC study with RIT.

Rationale: No comprehensive analysis has previously been performed to evaluate the clinical aspects of and microbiological evidence associated with Mycobacteroides abscessus complex (MABC) infection in a region, such as Japan, with a low MABC incidence.

Objectives: This study aimed to clarify the clinicopathological characteristics of MABC, which included clinical relatedness to erm(41) sequevar, phenotype (as colony morphology and minimum inhibitory concentration), and genotype.

Methods: A total of 121 MABC patients (68 with M.

The Serum Ferritin Level Is Associated with the Treatment Responsivity for Rapidly Progressive Interstitial Lung Disease with Amyopathic Dermatomyositis, Irrespective of the Anti-MDA5 Antibody Level.

We report the case of a 61-year-old woman with rapidly progressive interstitial lung disease caused by clinically amyopathic dermatomyositis. Both the serum ferritin and anti-melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 (MDA5) antibody levels were elevated at the time of admission. Despite intensive treatment with corticosteroids, immunosuppressants, immunoglobulins and polymyxin B direct hemoperfusion, the patient died 75 days after symptom onset.

Relapse of Yellow Nail Syndrome with Pulmonary Lymphedema.

Yellow nail syndrome (YNS) is a rare disorder characterized by the triad of yellow, thickened nails, lymphedema, and respiratory manifestations such as pleural effusions, bronchiectasis, and recurrent lower respiratory tract infections. We report a case of YNS showing pulmonary interlobular septal thickening on thoracic computed tomography, implying the presence of lymphatic edema. The patient showed both the remission and relapse of yellow nail with different lung treatments over a long clinical course.

[A case of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome suspected from pulmonary hematoma due to disruption of the lung].

A 20-year-old man was referred to our hospital due to hemoptysis. Chest CT showed a ground-glass opacity, suggesting pulmonary bleeding; however, a diagnosis was not obtained. At a follow-up examination after 2 months, Chest CT showed improvement of the ground-glass opacity, however a cavitary nodule had newly appeared.

[Primary ciliary dyskinesia. A case report and comparison with 4 previous cases].

We encountered a 59-year-old man, whose chief complaints were sputum and dyspnea on effort. He had suffered from sinusitis since childhood, and chest computed tomography showed bronchiectasis. Electron microscopic examination of bronchial mucosa biopsied by bronchoscopy showed defect of the inner dynein arm in most of his cilia.

[Case of pneumonia caused by beta-lactamase-producing and amoxicillin/clavulanate resistant strains of H. influenzae].

An 80-year-old woman presenting with fever and cough was given a diagnosis of community-acquired pneumonia. She was hospitalized and treated with ampicillin/sulbactam (ABPC/SBT) and clarithromycin (CAM). Gram stain images and sputum culture results led us to believe that the causative agent was Haemophilus influenzae.

Development of sarcoidosis during etanercept therapy.

This report describes a 65-year-old woman who developed granulomatous lesions consistent with sarcoidosis during etanercept therapy for rheumatoid arthritis. Hilar and mediastinal lymphadenopathy and multiple nodules in both lung fields developed 21 months after administration of etanercept. Noncaseating epithelioid cell granulomas consistent with sarcoidosis were detected in a lung biopsy specimen and in the parietal pleura obtained via thoracotomy.

[Long-term CT findings of X-linked agammaglobulinemia with bronchiectasis diagnosed in an adult].

We report a case of X-linked agammaglobulinemia who presented with bronchiectasis. The patient had suffered pneumonia about every five years since childhood until he presented to our hospital at age 34 years old. CT showed bronchiectasis predominantly in the right middle lobe, lingula, and lower lobes.

Desquamative interstitial pneumonia with a remarkable increase in the number of BAL eosinophils.

A 57-year old man with desquamative interstitial pneumonia (DIP) showed a marked increase in eosinophils in the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid. The patient was referred to our hospital for abnormal shadows on his chest X-ray with no symptoms in May 2007. Computed tomography (CT) showed patchy, peripheral predominate ground-glass opacity.

Pulmonary Schizophyllum commune infection developing mucoid impaction of the bronchi.

A 54-year-old woman was admitted for cough, sputum, and an abnormal chest X-ray shadow. Bronchoscopy showed mucoid impaction of the bronchi (MIB). Histopathologic evidence of mucous plugs was consistent with one component of allergic bronchopulmonary mycosis.

[Successful surgical ligation and transection of racemose hemangioma of bronchial artery].

We report two cases of bilateral racemose hemangioma in patients with hemoptysis. Case 1 was a 62-year-old woman who visited a local clinic complaining of hemoptysis. Bronchoscopy revealed multiple pulsating tumorous lesions and she was referred to our department.