Time course changes of estrogen receptor alpha expression in the adult rat hippocampus after kainic acid-induced status epilepticus.

Although estrogens possess neuroprotective and epileptogenic properties, the expression pattern of the estrogen receptor (ER) following status epilepticus (SE) remains unclear. We therefore examined the expression pattern of ER alpha in the adult rat hippocampus after SE. SE was induced in rats by kainic acid (KA; 12 mg/kg, i.

Disruption of the CAR1 gene encoding arginase enhances freeze tolerance of the commercial baker's yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

The effect of intracellular charged amino acids on freeze tolerance in dough was determined by constructing homozygous diploid arginase-deficient mutants of commercial baker's yeast. An arginase mutant accumulated higher levels of arginine and/or glutamate and showed increased leavening ability during the frozen-dough baking process, suggesting that disruption of the CAR1 gene enhances freeze tolerance.