Characteristics of Helicobacter pylori Eradication Therapy in Patients 80 Years or Older Living in a Metropolitan Area: A Multicenter Retrospective Study.

Background: The situation of Helicobacter pylori eradication therapy has been changing over time, owing to increases in antimicrobial-resistant strains, lifestyle improvements, and changes in indications for eradication. In Japan, eradication therapy is now available to all H. pylori-positive patients under the medical insurance system, and the potassium-competitive acid blocker vonoprazan has been used for eradication from 2015.

Intragastric bacterial infection and endoscopic findings in -negative patients.

In the present study, the authors examined the association between gastric bacterial infection and gastric endoscopic findings in ()-negative patients. The subjects were 105 -negative patients. The mean age was 72.

Long-term endoscopic gastric mucosal changes up to 20 years after Helicobacter pylori eradication therapy.

Helicobacter pylori eradication therapy reduces the risk of gastric cancer. However, it is unclear whether the severity of risk factors for gastric cancer such as atrophy and intestinal metaplasia are reduced after eradication in the long term. We aimed to study long-term changes in endoscopic risk factors for gastric cancer up to 20 years post-eradication.

Metabolic Factors Associated with Endoscopic Atrophy, Intestinal Metaplasia, and Gastric Neoplasms in -Positive Patients.

Background: Previous studies demonstrate an association between metabolic factors and -related gastric cancer. However, the association of gastric atrophy or intestinal metaplasia (IM) with these factors remains unknown.

Methods: Data on 1603 -positive patients who underwent esophagogastroduodenoscopy between 2001 and 2021 were evaluated.

Investigation of the relationship between colonoscopy insertion difficulty factors and endoscope shape using an endoscopic position detection unit.

In this study, we investigated the relationship between the cecal intubation time (CIT) and the form and method used for passing through the sigmoid/descending colon junction (SDJ) and the hepatic flexure using an endoscopic position detection unit (UPD), with reference to various factors [age, sex, body mass index (BMI), history of abdominal and pelvic surgery, and diverticulum]. A total of 152 patients underwent colonoscopy with UPD. The mean age was 66.

Association Between Vonoprazan and the Risk of Gastric Cancer After Helicobacter pylori Eradication.

Background & Aims: Potassium-competitive acid blockers (PCABs) have been increasingly used to treat upper gastrointestinal disorders, replacing proton pump inhibitors (PPIs). Whereas PPIs are associated with an increased risk of gastric cancer (GC) after Helicobacter pylori (Hp) eradication, it is uncertain whether PCABs carry the same risk.

Methods: Using a population-based claims database in Japan, we identified patients who were prescribed a clarithromycin-based first regimen of Hp eradication between 2015 and 2018.

Special Issue: The Role of Gut Microbiota in Gastrointestinal Cancers-From Pathogenesis to Therapeutic Perspectives.

Associations between the gut microbiota and gastrointestinal carcinogenesis have been intensively studied [...

Association of probiotic use with nivolumab effectiveness against various cancers: A multicenter retrospective cohort study.

Background: Previous studies have revealed an association between probiotic use and effectiveness of immune checkpoint inhibitors in renal and lung cancers. However, little is known regarding other cancers, including gastrointestinal cancer.

Methods: To address this issue, we conducted a multicenter retrospective cohort study and the duration of nivolumab treatment for various cancers was compared between probiotic users and non-users.

The Association between Diverticular Rebleeding and Early-Morning Blood Pressure and Surge: A Prospective Observational Trial.

Introduction: Colonic diverticular bleeding is the major cause of lower gastrointestinal bleeding. Hypertension is a major risk factor for diverticular rebleeding. Direct evidence of an association between actual 24-h blood pressure (BP) and rebleeding is lacking.

Gastric squamous metaplasia observed by image-enhanced endoscopy.

A 61-year-old -positive female with gastroesophageal reflux disease has undergone surveillance endoscopy every year for 13 years at Tokyo Medical University Hospital. At the first surveillance in 2009, conventional white light endoscopy showed a 10-mm whitish slightly depressed lesion at the lesser curvature of the gastric cardia. This lesion gradually increased in size to 15 mm over the 13-year observational period.

Non- Gastric Microbiome Modulates Prooncogenic Responses and Is Associated With Gastric Cancer Risk.

Background And Aims: Although is the most important bacterial carcinogen in gastric cancer (GC), GC can emerge even after eradication. Studies suggest that various constituents of the gastric microbiome may influence GC development, but the role of individual pathogens is unclear.

Methods: Human gastric mucosal samples were analyzed by 16SrRNA sequencing to investigate microbiome composition and its association with clinical parameters, including GC risk.

Investigation of the New Advantages of Colonoscope Insertion with an Endoscopic Position Detection Unit.

Background: The use of an endoscopic position detection unit (UPD) enables better and more objective understanding of the shape and position of the colonoscope. Here, we investigated the reproducibility of the insertion of a colonoscope with UPD.

Materials And Methods: Study participants were 122 patients who received a colonoscopy with UPD twice for the purpose of large bowel screening and surveillance.

Risk and preventive factors of early-onset colorectal neoplasms: endoscopic and histological database analysis.

Background And Aim: The incidence of early-onset colorectal neoplasms has been increasing in both Western and Eastern countries. However, the risks and preventive factors for these neoplasms in Eastern countries remain unclear.

Methods: The data of 5580 patients who underwent colonoscopy between 2016 and 2021 were retrospectively evaluated.

Effectiveness and safety of chemotherapy for patients with malignant gastrointestinal obstruction: A Japanese population-based cohort study.

Background: The impacts of chemotherapy on patients with malignant gastrointestinal obstructions remain unclear, and multicenter evidence is lacking.

Aim: To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of chemotherapy in patients with unresectable malignant gastrointestinal obstructions.

Methods: We conducted a multicenter retrospective cohort study that compared the chemotherapy group who received any chemotherapeutics after interventions, including palliative surgery or self-expandable metal stent placement, for unresectable malignant gastrointestinal obstruction the best supportive care (BSC) group between 2014 and 2019 in nine hospitals.

Efficacy of Early Video Capsule Endoscopy for Acute Overt Lower Gastrointestinal Bleeding with Colonic Diverticulosis: A Prospective Observational Study.

Background/aims: Although most patients with presumptive colonic diverticular bleeding (CDB) do not undergo a small bowel investigation in clinical practice, no prospective study supports this management. We evaluated the utility of early small bowel capsule endoscopy (CE) after negative colonoscopy results.

Methods: This prospective study evaluated the diagnostic yield of early small bowel CE (≤3 days from visit) for consecutive patients with acute-onset hematochezia, when colonoscopy found colonic diverticulosis but did not identify the definite bleeding source (n = 51; presumptive CDB).