Publications by authors named "Ryota Nakamura"
Background/aim: Atezolizumab, one of the anti-PD-L1 antibodies, targets PD-L1 expressed on cancer cells and antigen-presenting cells. This immune checkpoint inhibitor is now commonly used in combination with chemotherapy. The objectives of this study were to confirm the treatment outcomes of combined atezolizumab plus chemotherapy, and to identify prognostic factors, with a particular focus on the impact of the site of metastasis in real-world clinical practice.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: An increasing number of multicomponent workplace interventions are being developed to reduce sedentary time and promote physical activity among office workers. The Physical Activity at Work (PAW) trial was one of these interventions, but it yielded an inconclusive effect on sedentary time after 6 months, with a low uptake of movement breaks, the main intervention component.
Objective: This study investigates the factors contributing to the outcomes of the PAW cluster randomized trial.
Background: In breast reconstruction using the abdominal perforator flap, if the flap capacity is too large, secondary revision procedures can be performed to reduce flap volume and reconstruct the inframammary fold (IMF). We examined the various revision methods and cosmetic results.
Methods: This study included 28 patients who underwent secondary revision among 216 patients who had breast reconstruction using the abdominal perforator flap between April 2012 and March 2019.
Article Synopsis
- Lewy body diseases, including Parkinson's disease, involve the spread of a protein called alpha-synuclein (αSyn) between neurons, making it important to study for treatment development.
- The research focused on how neuronal activity affects the release of αSyn from dopaminergic neurons derived from human stem cells, comparing healthy neurons to those with a PD-related gene mutation.
- Findings showed that increased neuronal activity boosts αSyn release, while decreased activity reduces it, highlighting the role of neuronal activity in the spread of Lewy pathology and suggesting potential new treatment strategies for neurodegenerative diseases.
Purpose: Rearranged during transfection (RET) aberrations represent a targetable oncogene in several tumor types, with RET inhibitors displaying marked efficacy. However, some patients with RET-aberrant cancer are insensitive to RET tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). Recently, drug-tolerant mechanisms have attracted attention as targets for initial therapies to overcome drug resistance.
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- - This systematic review and meta-analysis assessed the impact of various population-level tobacco policies on smoking behavior, analyzing 476 qualifying studies out of nearly 10,000 records.
- - Findings highlighted that anti-smoking campaigns, health warnings, and tax hikes were the most effective in promoting smoking cessation, while flavour bans and free nicotine replacement therapy also proved beneficial.
- - Overall, the study concluded that policies like smoking bans, anti-tobacco campaigns, and tax increases significantly reduce both smoking prevalence and tobacco sales.
Reconstruction of the Infraorbital Nerve Using Bilayered Artificial Nerve Conduits after Partial Maxillectomy.
Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open
October 2024
Background: Facial sensory nerves play vital roles in daily functions like self-protection, facial expressions, speaking, and eating. Severing the infraorbital nerve (ION) during partial maxillectomy via the Weber-Ferguson incision can lead to sensory disturbances. This study presents immediate ION reconstruction using artificial nerve conduits and its short-term outcomes.
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- Reconstructing large defects in the hip and groin is difficult, often requiring skin grafts due to tissue bulge issues.
- A case study showcases successful hip reconstruction using a special flap technique after cancer surgery, optimizing the use of donor tissue.
- This method not only preserved the donor site but also improved the patient's recovery and overall quality of life post-surgery.
Background: Advances in anticancer drugs for lung cancer (LC) have improved the prognosis of LC. Chronic pulmonary aspergillosis (CPA) is a progressive and often exacerbating respiratory disease with a poor prognosis. To date, the prognosis of LC complicated by CPA has not been elucidated.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWe previously reported that combined therapy with epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR-TKI) osimertinib and AXL inhibitor ONO-7475 is effective in preventing the survival of drug-tolerant cells in high-AXL-expressing EGFR-mutated non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells. Nevertheless, certain residual cells are anticipated to eventually develop acquired resistance to this combination therapy. In this study, we attempted to establish a multidrug combination therapy from the first-line setting to overcome resistance to this combination therapy in high-AXL-expressing EGFR-mutated NSCLC.
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- * The study focuses on 4-phenylbutyrate (PB) and its related compounds, examining how they can reduce IS production and potentially protect the kidneys from further damage.
- * Results showed that a formulation of 7-phenylheptanoic acid (PH) reduced IS levels and slowed kidney function decline in mice with CKD, suggesting it could help manage the disease, especially in earlier stages.
The aim of this multi-country, cluster-randomized trial is to test the impact of pharmacy-based health promotion to reduce the blood pressure of individuals with hypertension over a 12-month period in Bangladesh and Pakistan. The trial will be implemented with two arms. In Bangladesh, the estimated sample size is around 3600 hypertensive patients.
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- Lazertinib is a new drug effective for treating EGFR-mutant lung cancer, but resistance to it often develops, leading researchers to seek new treatment combinations.
- The study found that targeting AXL can reduce lung cancer cell survival when combined with lazertinib, as AXL activation plays a role in resistance to the drug.
- Further, using a triple therapy approach that includes AXL inhibitors and MCL-1 or YAP inhibitors alongside lazertinib significantly decreases cell viability and boosts cell death, showing promise in overcoming lazertinib resistance.
Doxepin is an antihistamine and tricyclic antidepressant that binds to the histamine H receptor (HR) with high affinity. Doxepin is an 85:15 mixture of the E- and Z-isomers. The Z-isomer is well known to be more effective than the E-isomer, whereas based on the crystal structure of the HR/doxepin complex, the hydroxyl group of Thr112 is close enough to form a hydrogen bond with the oxygen atom of the E-isomer.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIntroduction: In addition to the two common epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations, there are many uncommon mutations. Due to the high number of uncommon types, as well as the rarity of patients, there is lack of information regarding patient demographics, especially age distribution and smoking status. Against this background, we conducted an analysis to clarify the background of patients with uncommon EGFR mutations, especially considering their age distribution and smoking status.
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- Necrotizing fasciitis is a life-threatening skin infection primarily linked to group A beta-hemolytic Streptococcus, but other bacteria have also been identified as causes in recent cases.
- A study of 79 patients from 2004 to 2023 found differences in symptoms based on the type of bacteria, with specific groups showing varying age distributions and clinical characteristics.
- Although the overall mortality rates were similar across bacterial groups, patients with mixed infections had a worse prognosis and the pubic area was the most common infection site in these cases.
Article Synopsis
- Atezolizumab, an anti-PD-L1 antibody, is increasingly used with chemotherapy for treating extensive-stage small cell lung cancer (SCLC), aiming to evaluate its effectiveness and factors influencing long-term outcomes in patients.
- In a study of 95 SCLC patients treated with atezolizumab and chemotherapy in Japan from 2019 to 2023, the median progression-free survival was 6.0 months, and the median overall survival was 15.0 months, with some patients achieving progression-free survival lasting over 2 years.
- The findings indicate that the treatment's efficacy and immune-related side effects are consistent with earlier trials, suggesting that this combination therapy may significantly impact
Article Synopsis
- Safinamide is shown to be an effective adjunctive treatment for managing wearing-off symptoms in older patients with Parkinson's disease who are already on levodopa therapy.
- In a study involving 24 participants (mostly aged 75 and older), significant improvements were observed in various assessments of motor and non-motor symptoms after 18 weeks of treatment.
- Despite some mild adverse events, the findings indicate that safinamide improves quality of life without introducing new safety concerns.
The impact of inconsistent enhancement within the patent false lumen on the occurrence of late aortic events remains uncertain. We enrolled 55patients who exhibited a patent false lumen after hemiarch replacement. The Hounsfield unit (HU) measurements in the patent false lumen were obtained at 2 specific locations: the aortic arch (a) and the descending aorta (b).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground/aim: The median age of subjects in many clinical trials of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-tyrosine kinase inhibitor conducted to date has been approximately 60 years. However, it is not uncommon to encounter EGFR gene-positive patients in their 70s or 80s. Based on information obtained from these clinical trials, EGFR gene-positive non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients are considered to be younger than EGFR-negative patients.
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- - Levodopa-induced dyskinesia (LID) is a frequent problem for advanced Parkinson's disease patients using levodopa, and while glutamate receptor antagonists can help reduce LID, the specific mechanisms are still unknown.
- - The study investigated the effects of MTEP, an mGluR5 antagonist, on LID by measuring neuronal activity in specific brain areas of different rat groups over 18 days, with MTEP showing significant reduction in LID symptoms compared to untreated rats.
- - Results suggest that mGluR5 antagonism may help slow the worsening of LID by influencing key brain pathways involved in its development, indicating a potential therapeutic approach, but further research is necessary to confirm findings
Objectives: Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are a major public health concern that accounts for 74% of global deaths each year. The increasing burden of NCDs exhausts public health resources and threatens the achievement of the 2030 agenda for sustainable development. The purpose of this study is to thematically analyze the contributory factors in the health policy process and reforms to strengthen the prevention of NCDs across borders, as well as the milestones achieved through the process of policy-making, change, and implementation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIn panic disorder (PD), functional disturbance of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis has been considered. However, in neuroimaging studies of PD, the hypothalamus and pituitary gland are poorly studied.We investigated the volume of PD patients' hypothalamus and pituitary gland, enrolling 38 PD patients and 38 healthy controls.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFRecently, novel Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (KRAS) inhibitors have been clinically developed to treat KRAS G12C-mutated non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. However, achieving complete tumor remission is challenging. Therefore, the optimal combined therapeutic intervention with KRAS G12C inhibitors has a potentially crucial role in the clinical outcomes of patients.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground/aim: The association between resected non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and long-term outcomes of muscle mass depletion and muscle weakness has also not been well documented. This study evaluated whether muscle mass depletion assessed by bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) and low muscle strength assessed by the peak expiratory flow rate as a percentage of predicted value (%PEFR) were associated with surgical outcomes in patients with resected NSCLC.
Patients And Methods: This retrospective study included 219 patients with resected NSCLC between 2016 and 2021.