Expression profiles and functional characterization of common carp () T2Rs.

Bitter taste perception is mediated by a family of G protein-coupled receptors (T2Rs) in vertebrates. Common carp (), which has experienced an additional round of whole genome duplication during the course of evolution, has a small number of genes similar to zebrafish, a closely related cyprinid fish species, and their expression pattern at the cellular level or their cognate ligands have not been elucidated yet. Here, we showed through hybridization experiments, that three common carp () genes encoding ccT2R200-1, ccT2R202-1, and ccT2R202-2, were specifically expressed in the subsets of taste receptor cells in the lips and gill rakers.

A progeny virus from a cucumovirus pseudorecombinant evolved to gain the ability to accumulate Its RNA-silencing suppressor leading to systemic infection in tobacco.

Two isolates of Tomato aspermy virus (TAV), V-TAV and C-TAV, can systemically infect Nicotiana benthamiana but only C-TAV can move systemically in N. tabacum. Any pseudorecombinants between the two strains could not move systemically in tobacco as efficiently as C-TAV.