Publications by authors named "Ryosuke Tateishi"
Article Synopsis
- * Recent advancements in targeted therapy and immune-checkpoint inhibitors are now becoming available for treating unresectable HCC and preventing recurrence after curative procedures.
- * This clinical practice guideline aims to provide updated recommendations from Asia-Pacific experts on systemic therapy for HCC, addressing key questions about patient selection, effective treatments, and management strategies for immunotherapy.
[Treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma and risk of decompensation and liver failure].
Nihon Shokakibyo Gakkai Zasshi
September 2024
[Unmet needs in hepatocellular carcinoma treatment - toward revision of clinical practice guidelines for hepatocellular carcinoma].
Nihon Shokakibyo Gakkai Zasshi
September 2024
Purpose: We investigated the diagnostic performance of two-dimensional shear wave elastography (2D-SWE) and attenuation imaging (ATI) in detecting fibrosis and steatosis in patients with chronic liver disease (CLD), comparing them with established methods.
Methods: In 190 patients with CLD, 2D-SWE and vibration-controlled transient elastography (VCTE) were used for liver stiffness measurement (LSM), and ATI and controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) were used for steatosis quantification. The correlations between these new and established methods were analyzed.
Article Synopsis
- Chronic hepatitis B and C are major global health concerns that lead to serious liver issues, including cirrhosis and cancer, but Japan has implemented effective testing and treatment measures for early liver cancer detection.
- In 2018, Japan established a policy for medical expense subsidies and research aimed at helping patients with advanced liver disease, which has successfully increased access to treatment and the number of beneficiaries.
- Despite these advancements, there are still inconsistencies in support across different regions, highlighting the need for better public awareness and improved collaboration within the healthcare system to assist patients effectively.
Article Synopsis
- * The study involved 639 patients who did not develop HCC for over 7 years and 46 who did within that time; the model achieved an accuracy of 81.0% and showed effective validation results.
- * The deep learning model could detect early signs of HCC even in patients with mild fibrosis by analyzing key pathological features, suggesting its potential for improving early diagnosis.
Article Synopsis
- * Of the 15,517 cases studied, ALD accounted for 35.4%, while the prevalence of hepatitis C and B virus-associated LC decreased significantly, indicating changing trends in liver disease causation.
- * The study concluded that the emerging trends suggest a transition in Japan’s liver health landscape, with an increasing number of cases linked to nonviral conditions like ALD and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH).
The proto-oncogene MYCN expression marked a cancer stem-like cell population in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and served as a therapeutic target of acyclic retinoid (ACR), an orally administered vitamin A derivative that has demonstrated promising efficacy and safety in reducing HCC recurrence. This study investigated the role of MYCN as a predictive biomarker for therapeutic response to ACR and prognosis of HCC. MYCN gene expression in HCC was analyzed in the Cancer Genome Atlas and a Taiwanese cohort (N = 118).
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- Sarcopenia, the loss of skeletal muscle mass and function, affects survival rates in patients with biliary tract cancer, but its impact on overall survival is less clear.
- A study of 386 patients used CT scans to measure skeletal muscle index (SMI) and skeletal muscle density (SMD) and found that patients with sarcopenia had shorter progression-free survival (PFS).
- The research suggests that monitoring and improving muscular quantity and quality could be beneficial, emphasizing the need for nutritional and physical interventions in these patients.
Article Synopsis
- * Tumor size and clinical stage at diagnosis showed no significant changes between pre-COVID (2018-2019) and during COVID (2020-2021) periods, although the proportion of patients with a single tumor and those treated with systemic therapy increased.
- * A notable rise in cases with non-viral causes of HCC was observed, suggesting a need for improved surveillance, especially for non-B, non-C cases, to facilitate earlier detection.
Background And Aims: A simple noninvasive score, the Agile 3+ score, combining liver stiffness measurement, aspartate aminotransferase/alanine aminotransferase ratio, platelet count, diabetes status, sex, and age, has been proposed for the identification of advanced fibrosis in patients with suspected NAFLD. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of the Agile 3+ score in identifying patients with NAFLD and advanced fibrosis. Recently, an International consensus changed the nomenclature of NAFLD into metabolic-associated steatotic liver disease, so currently, the two terms are interchangeable.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDiabetes is known to increase the risk of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Here we treat male STAM (STelic Animal Model) mice, which develop diabetes, NASH and HCC associated with dysbiosis upon low-dose streptozotocin and high-fat diet (HFD), with insulin or phlorizin. Although both treatments ameliorate hyperglycemia and NASH, insulin treatment alone lead to suppression of HCC accompanied by improvement of dysbiosis and restoration of antimicrobial peptide production.
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- The study analyzed 206 patients with decompensated cirrhosis due to hepatitis C treated with direct-acting antivirals (DAA) from February 2019 to December 2021 in Japan.
- Patients were mostly older, with 76% classified as Child-Pugh class B (CP-B), and the survival rates were promising, with high 2- and 3-year liver transplantation (LT)-free survival rates.
- The research found that liver function, assessed at 12 weeks after DAA treatment, was a crucial predictor of prognosis, rather than the baseline liver function at the start of treatment.
Article Synopsis
- Proton beam therapy (PBT) is a potential treatment option for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and this study aimed to compare its effectiveness with radiofrequency ablation (RFA) in treatment-naïve cases.
- The study involved 95 patients treated with PBT and 836 treated with RFA, focusing on their recurrence-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) after matching similar patients.
- Results showed that while PBT had higher RFS rates at 1, 3, and 5 years compared to RFA, overall survival rates were similar, and PBT had fewer significant adverse events.
Background And Aims: There is a lack of biliary epithelial molecular markers for primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC). We analyzed candidates from disease susceptibility genes identified in recent genome-wide association studies (GWAS).
Methods: Expression levels of GWAS genes were analyzed in archival liver tissues of patients with PSC and controls.
Article Synopsis
- A multicenter study was conducted with 1,742 patients who achieved a sustained viral response (SVR) after chronic hepatitis C treatment to create a machine learning model for predicting the risk of developing hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).
- Five machine learning models were evaluated, with the random survival forest (RSF) model performing the best in predicting HCC risk during a follow-up period, achieving a c-index of 0.839 in an independent cohort.
- The RSF model provides individualized risk predictions and is available online, signaling the potential to enhance surveillance strategies for HCC following SVR, although further studies are needed for tailored surveillance recommendations globally.
Article Synopsis
- Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is a minimally invasive treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and predicting patient outcomes after RFA is crucial for managing cancer risk.
- This study focused on creating a transformer-based machine learning model to forecast overall survival rates in HCC patients treated by RFA, comparing its effectiveness with traditional deep learning models.
- Results showed that the transformer model outperformed the deep learning model in predicting survival (Harrel's c-index 0.69 vs 0.60), allowing for better risk stratification and personalized predictions for individual patients.
For the 23rd Nationwide Follow-up Survey of Primary Liver Cancer in Japan, data from 20 889 newly registered patients and 42 274 previously registered follow-up patients were compiled from 516 institutions over a 2-year period from January 1, 2014 to December 31, 2015. Basic statistics compiled for patients newly registered in the 23rd survey were cause of death, past medical history, clinical diagnosis, imaging diagnosis, treatment-related factors, pathological diagnosis, recurrence status, and autopsy findings. Compared with the previous 22nd survey, the population of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) was older at the time of clinical diagnosis, had more female patients, had more patients with non-B non-C HCC, had smaller tumor diameter, and was more frequently treated with hepatectomy.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAim: Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is regarded as a first-line treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) at an early stage. When treated with RFA, tumor biopsy may not be performed due to the risk of neoplastic seeding. We previously revealed that the risk of neoplastic seeding is significantly reduced by performing biopsies after RFA.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Lenvatinib was expected to enhance the effect of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) for unresectable HCC; however, their combination therapy failed to show the synergy in the phase III clinical trial.
Methods: To elucidate lenvatinib-induced molecular modulation, we performed bulk RNA-sequencing and digital spatial profiling of 5 surgically resected human HCC specimens after lenvatinib treatment and 10 matched controls without any preceding therapy.
Findings: Besides its direct antitumor effects, lenvatinib recruited cytotoxic GZMK+CD8 T cells in intratumor stroma by CXCL9 from tumor-associated macrophages, suggesting that lenvatinib-treated HCC is in the so-called excluded condition that can diminish ICI efficacy.
Background: Hepatorenal syndrome (HRS) is a life-threatening complication of end-stage liver disease. This study aimed to clarify the status of HRS in Japan by analyzing the Japanese Diagnosis Procedure Combination database.
Methods: Patients hospitalized for cirrhosis and HRS from July 2010 to March 2019 were sampled.