[A case of scirrhous gastric cancer in which cancer cells were first identified in the ascites by immunostaining using the cell transfer technique].

This was a case of a woman in her 60s with the chief complaint of an abnormal stomach X-ray at the screening. Although suspected to be scirrhous gastric cancer, gastric biopsy revealed Group 1, and cytology in accumulated ascites and open surgery was initially Class II, but cancer cells in the ascites were confirmed for the first time by subsequent immunostaining using the cell transfer technique. Undifferentiated advanced gastric cancer, peritoneal dissemination, and lymphatic metastasis were pathologically observed.

Investigation of Combination Treatment With an Aromatase Inhibitor Exemestane and Carboplatin-Based Therapy for Postmenopausal Women With Advanced NSCLC.

Introduction: Estrogen receptors (ER) (ERα, ERβ) and aromatase (key enzyme for estrogen synthesis) are expressed in most human NSCLCs. High intratumoral estrogen levels and elevated aromatase expression in NSCLC predict poor outcome. This open-label, phase 1b, single-center study evaluated the safety and tolerability of escalating doses of the aromatase inhibitor, exemestane, in combination with carboplatin and pemetrexed in postmenopausal women with stage IV nonsquamous NSCLC.

A rare case of sporadic inclusion body myositis and rheumatoid arthritis exhibiting ectopic lymphoid follicle-like structures: a case report and literature review.

Sporadic inclusion body myositis (sIBM) is a degenerative, intractable, inflammatory myopathy with an immune pathomechanism. We report on a case of a 44-year-old Japanese man who began developing progressive muscle weakness at age 40. Rheumatoid arthritis symptoms manifested at 43 with strongly positive anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibodies.

Bilateral lung transplantation in a 9-year-old girl with bronchopulmonary dysplasia with pulmonary hypertension.

Background: Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a chronic respiratory disease that occurs in premature infants and the prognosis is variable depending on the comorbidities including fibrosis, emphysema, or pulmonary hypertension (PH). We present a case of a 9-year-old girl who developed PH associated with severe BPD (BPD-PH) and underwent bilateral lung transplantation (BLTx). Case description A 9-year-old girl was admitted to our department to undergo BLTx.

Cancer Antigen 15-3 Serum Level as a Biomarker for Advanced Micropapillary Urothelial Carcinoma of the Bladder: A Case Report.

A 73-year-old woman with no history of disease was referred to our hospital with fatigue and joint pain. Screening blood test showed that her cancer antigen 15-3 (CA 15-3) serum level was elevated to 36.6 U/mL, and a contrast-enhanced computed tomography scan revealed a bladder tumor without metastasis.

Detection of intracellular histological abnormalities using cardiac magnetic resonance T1 mapping in patients with Danon disease: a case series.

Background: Danon disease is an X-linked dominant disorder with defects in the lysosome-associated membrane protein 2 (LAMP2) gene and is characterized histologically by intracellular autophagic vacuoles in skeletal and cardiac muscles. Cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) T1 mapping potentially allows to differentiate intracellular and extracellular cardiac abnormalities with a combination of native T1 value and extracellular volume (ECV) fraction.

Case Summary: We assessed CMR T1 mapping in two Danon disease patients (a 22-year-old man and his 48-year-old mother), who had a LAMP2 c.

Estrogen Receptor β Is Involved in Acquired Resistance to EGFR-tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors in Lung Cancer.

Background/aim: Acquired resistance to epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) has posed serious clinical problems in the treatment of lung adenocarcinoma (LADC) patients harboring relevant EGFR mutations. In this study, we explored the role of estrogen receptor β (ERβ) in the development of acquired resistance to EGFR-TKIs in human LADC.

Materials And Methods: First, the role of ERβ in erlotinib resistance of LADC cell lines (PC9/ER) was examined.

Novel Histologic Classification of Small Tumor Cell Nests for Lung Adenocarcinoma With Prognostic and Etiological Significance: Small Solid Nests and Pure Micropapillary Nests.

Small tumor cell nests such as micropapillary nests are histologic poor prognostic markers for adenocarcinomas of various organs, including the lung. However, for the lung, the association of micropapillary patterns with smoking is controversial, which may be because of a vague definition of micropapillary patterns. This study clarifies the implications of small tumor cell nests by introducing a new dichotomic classification based on the glandular polarity of tumor cells: pure micropapillary nests (pMPs), preserving glandular polarity, and small solid nests (SSNs), lacking polarity.

Defining the Optimal Method for Measuring Metabolic Tumor Volume on Preoperative F-Fluorodeoxyglucose-Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography as a Prognostic Predictor in Patients With Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma.

Objectives: Metabolic tumor volume (MTV) on F-fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography/computed tomography (FDG-PET/CT) is a promising prognostic predictor in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). However, the optimal segmentation method and threshold value to determine MTV for PDAC are still unclear. We explored the optimal method and threshold value for the prognostic value of MTV measured on pre-treatment F-FDG-PET/CT.

Novel genetic characteristics of multifocal micronodular pneumocyte hyperplasia (MMPH): a case report with frequent BRAF mutations analyzed by next-generation sequencing supporting benign behaviors of MMPH.

A woman in her 30s, who was clinically diagnosed with tuberous sclerosis complex, underwent lung transplantation due to lymphangioleiomyomatosis with concomitant multifocal micronodular pneumocyte hyperplasia (MMPH). Histologically, MMPH lesions demonstrated variety in histology; some showed homogenous cells with mild nuclear atypia and elastic fibers proliferation, and the others showed enlarged nuclei without elastic fibers. Because the natural history of MMPH is not well characterized, we used next-generation sequencing to perform a comprehensive genetic analysis for the MMPH lesions to explore their malignant potential.

Suppression of tumor immune microenvironment via microRNA-1 after epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitor resistance acquirement in lung adenocarcinoma.

Immunotherapy is considered one of the most important therapeutic strategies for patients with lung adenocarcinoma after the development of epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR-TKI) resistance. However, useful predictors of immunotherapy for these patients has not been examined well, although the status of the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME), including programmed death-ligand 1 expression and lymphocyte infiltration, has been generally known to provide predictive markers for the efficacy of immunotherapy. This study aimed to clarify novel predictors of immunotherapy following EGFR-TKI resistance in lung adenocarcinoma, especially regarding micro RNA (miRNA).

Correlation between preoperative F-FDG PET/CT findings and postoperative short-term prognosis in lung cancer patients with idiopathic interstitial pneumonia after lung resection.

Background: The present study aimed to investigate the correlation between preoperative 2-deoxy-2-[F]fluoro-d-glucose (F-FDG) PET/CT findings and short-term survival in lung cancer patients with idiopathic interstitial pneumonia (IIP).

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the data of 425 patients who underwent lung resection for non-small cell lung cancer without preoperative radiation therapy between November 2012 and October 2017. The maximum SUV (SUVmax) in the IIP area except the lung cancer site was measured in each patient.

11β hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 1: a new marker for predicting response to immune-checkpoint blockade therapy in non-small-cell lung carcinoma.

Background: Understanding the status of intratumoural immune microenvironment is necessary to ensure the efficacy of immune-checkpoint (IC) blockade therapy. Cortisol plays pivotal roles in glucocorticoid interactions in the immune system. We examined the correlation between intratumourally synthesised cortisol through 11β hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (HSD) 1 and the immune microenvironment in non-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC).

Systemic distribution of progesterone receptor subtypes in human tissues.

Progesterone receptor (PR) is expressed in a wide variety of human tissues, including both reproductive and non-reproductive tissues. Upon binding to the PR, progesterone can display several non-reproductive functions, including neurosteroid activity in the central nervous system, inhibition of smooth muscle contractile activity in the gastrointestinal tract, and regulating the development and maturation of the lung. PR exists as two major isoforms, PRA and PRB.

Improvement of native pulmonary alveolar proteinosis after contralateral single living-donor lobar lung transplantation: A case report.

PAP is a rare disease characterized by the accumulation of surfactant materials in the alveolar spaces due to the imbalance of surfactant homeostasis (production and clearance). We herein report a case of an 8-year-old girl who developed PAP after BMT from her mother for the treatment of DBA. The anemia was improved by BMT; however, respiratory dysfunction due to graft-versus-host disease gradually progressed.

T-cell Lymphoma Presenting Neutrophilic Inflammation in the Cerebrospinal Fluid.

A 66-year-old woman presented with upper abdominal pain and weakness in the limbs. She had bilateral uveitis and gastric ulcers. A neurological examination revealed tetraparesis and sensory disturbance in the right arm.

PD-L1 Induction by Cancer-Associated Fibroblast-Derived Factors in Lung Adenocarcinoma Cells.

Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) exert various effects upon biological behaviours of cancer. In this study, we examined the correlation of CAFs with the intra-tumoural immune system in the lung adenocarcinoma microenvironment. We studied 27 and 113 cases of lung adenocarcinoma tentatively as Cohorts 1 and 2, respectively.

Sex steroid metabolism and actions in non-small cell lung carcinoma.

Despite recent development in targeted therapies, lung cancer still remains the leading cause of cancer death. Therefore, a better understanding of its pathogenesis and progression could contribute to improving the eventual clinical outcome of the patients. Results of recently published several in vitro and clinical studies indicated the possible involvement of sex steroids in both development and progression of non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC).

Amyloid precursor protein and its phosphorylated form in non-small cell lung carcinoma.

Amyloid precursor protein (APP) is a well-known to be involved in the development of Alzheimer's disease and harbors several phosphorylation sites in its cytoplasmic domain. APP has been also proposed as one of the molecules involved in cell proliferation and invasion in several human malignancies. However, the roles of APP including its phosphorylated form (p-APP) have remained largely unexplored in non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC).

Prognostic significance of combining immunohistochemical markers for cancer-associated fibroblasts in lung adenocarcinoma tissue.

Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), activated fibroblasts in a cancer microenvironment, exert various effects upon carcinoma cells including lung adenocarcinoma cells. Various markers identifying CAFs have been proposed, but the correlations among these markers proposed and their clinicopathological significance have remained largely unknown. Therefore, in this study, we immunohistochemically evaluated the expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), podoplanin, and periostin among these proposed markers in 92 cases of lung adenocarcinoma.

Progesterone receptor isoform B expression in pulmonary neuroendocrine cells decreases cell proliferation.

The progesterone receptor (PR) has been reported to play important roles in lung development and function, such as alveolarization, alveolar fluid clearance (AFC) and upper airway dilator muscle activity. In the lung, pulmonary neuroendocrine cells (PNECs) are important in the etiology and progression of lung neuroendocrine tumors (NETs). Women with lung NETs had significantly better survival rates than men, suggesting that sex steroids and their receptors, such as the PR, could be involved in the progression of lung NETs.

The correlation of p22 and chemosensitivity in EGFR-TKI resistant lung adenocarcinoma.

Background: Enhancing the chemosensitivity in the patients with epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR-TKI) resistant lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is pivotal in achieving their successful therapeutic outcome. We aimed to explore the mechanisms regarding the development of therapeutic resistance to chemotherapy in EGFR-TKI resistant LUAD. Methods: Microarray analysis lead to potential involvement of p22, which was abundantly expressed in the cell lines harboring EGFR-TKI resistance and chemoresistance, and was known to regulate several important chemoresistance-associated factors such as hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT).