Urethral caruncle causes acute urinary retention.

Introduction: We encountered a case of urinary retention caused by a urethral caruncle.

Case Presentation: An 86-year-old woman presented to our hospital with urinary retention. When the urinary bladder catheter was placed, a smooth, well-defined mass 20 mm in diameter was detected on the posterior wall of the external urethral meatus.

Difficulty in Removing a Ureteral Stent post Childbirth due to Encrustation: A Case Report.

Background: We present a case involving a pregnant woman who needed transurethral lithotripsy for ureteral stent removal because of the stent encrustation.

Clinical Case: A 34-year-old woman was diagnosed with calculous pyelonephritis, and a double-loop ureteral stent was placed in her right ureter, after which the pyelonephritis resolved. One week after her delivery, we attempted to remove the ureteral stent; however, the encrustation of the proximal and distal coils made it impossible.

Preoperative oral treatment with cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor for cystitis glandularis.

Introduction: A previous report has shown that cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors can prevent the recurrence of cystitis glandularis postoperatively. Herein, we present a case of cystitis glandularis in which the tumor volume was markedly reduced by preoperative oral administration of a cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor.

Case Presentation: A 45-year-old man with voiding difficulty and lower abdominal pain during urination was referred to our hospital.

Usefulness of hand-assisted retroperitoneal laparoscopic radical nephrectomy for extreme obese patients -a case report.

We report a case of retroperitoneal laparoscopic radical nephrectomy (LRN) in which the addition of a hand port was necessary and effective. A 52-year-old man with obesity (BMI 40.6 kg/m2) was diagnosed with a 52-mm left renal cell carcinoma (cT1bN0M0).

Preoperative rapid growth of inferior vena cava tumor thrombus in renal cell carcinoma.

Introduction: We present the case of a rapidly growing inferior vena cava tumor thrombus in renal cell carcinoma.

Case Presentation: We present a case of a 66-year-old woman with right renal cell carcinoma with a tumor thrombus extending 2 cm into the inferior vena cava on an initial Imaging. Radical surgery was performed 6 weeks after the first visit.

Obstructive azoospermia caused by epididymis injury with testicle rupture on the other side.

Background: Epididymal injuries without ipsilateral injuries of the testicles are rare. We report a case of a solitary right epididymal injury complicated by left testicular rupture.

Case Presentation: A 21-year-old man experienced scrotal trauma caused by a motorcycle accident.

Early and Post-Treatment Imaging Findings in Perineural Spread: A Pathway to Diffuse Muscle Metastasis in Recurrent Bladder Carcinoma.

Perineural spread (PNS) from pelvic carcinoma has been regarded as a pathway to muscle and bone metastasis. However, few cases have been reported, especially in patients with bladder carcinoma. In the present report, we discuss a case of diffuse cancer involvement in the muscle 5 years after radical cystectomy for advanced bladder carcinoma.

Failure of Hem-o-lok clips used on a renal artery after laparoscopic renal surgery.

Hem-o-lok clips are commonly used for renal artery ligation in laparoscopic renal surgery. However, failure of the renal artery ligation clips is potentially fatal. A 61-year-old man underwent hand-assisted laparoscopic nephroureterectomy using a retroperitoneal approach for left ureteral carcinoma.

Prostatic abscess with infected aneurysms and spondylodiscitis after transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy: a case report and literature review.

Background: Transrectal ultrasonography (TRUS)-guided prostate biopsy is the conventional method of diagnosing prostate cancer. TRUS-guided prostate biopsy can occasionally be associated with severe complications. Here, we report the first case of a prostate abscess with aneurysms and spondylodiscitis as a complication of TRUS-guided prostate biopsy, and we review the relevant literature.

Safety of Abiraterone Acetate Administration in Elderly Patients Receiving Peritoneal Dialysis with Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer: Two Case Reports.

We report two elderly patients receiving peritoneal dialysis with castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Herein, we show that the patients were safely treated using abiraterone acetate (750 mg/day orally once daily) and prednisolone (5 mg/day orally once daily). Although the prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level increased in both cases, there was no manifestation of disease progression (clinical and radiographic) for 22 months in case 1 and 8 months in case 2.

Dual-specificity tyrosine phosphorylation-regulated kinase 2 (DYRK2) as a novel marker in T1 high-grade and T2 bladder cancer patients receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy.

Background: To investigate associations between dual-specificity tyrosine phosphorylation-regulated kinase 2 (DYRK2) expression and survival in T1 high-grade or T2 bladder cancer patients treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy.

Methods: The cohort under investigation comprised 44 patients who underwent neoadjuvant chemotherapy for pT1 high-grade or pT2N0M0 bladder cancer at our institution between 2002 and 2011. Immunohistochemical analysis was used to determine expression of DYRK2 in bladder cancer specimens obtained by transurethral resection before chemotherapy.

Efficacy of a thermoexpandable metallic prostate stent (Memokath) in elderly patients with urethral obstruction requiring long-term management with urethral Foley catheters.

Aim: To investigate whether the insertion of a thermoexpandable metallic prostate stent (Memokath) facilitates the removal of Foley catheters in elderly patients ineligible for urethral obstruction surgery because of the potential complications involved in long-term catheter management.

Methods: A total of 37 male patients (mean age 79.8 ± 6.

Memokath(TM) urethral stents induce incontinence in patients with urethral balloon catheters.

Objective: With an aging society, elderly patients increasingly require long-term placement of urethral balloon catheters. In this study, we investigated if Memokath(TM) urethral stents, when inserted from the bladder neck to distal to the urethral sphincter in elderly men being treated with urethral balloon catheters, induce incontinence, which would then be managed with adult briefs.

Patients And Methods: Of all outpatients who were being managed with urethral balloon catheters at our institution from September 2011 through March 2012, 4 patients who had had problems with the catheters were included in the study.

Snail expression and outcome in T1 high-grade and T2 bladder cancer: a retrospective immunohistochemical analysis.

Background: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy has been shown to have benefit in T1 high-grade or T2 bladder cancer. However, neoadjuvant chemotherapy fails in some patients. Careful patient selection for neoadjuvant chemotherapy is therefore needed.

Negative-balance isolated pelvic perfusion in patients with incurable symptomatic rectal cancer: results and drug dose correlation to adverse events.

Background: Drug leakage and lack of a drug-removal system have prevented clinical application of isolated pelvic perfusion (IPP). These barriers were overcome with negative-balance IPP (NIPP) in experimental pig models. Here, a phase 1 clinical study of NIPP was performed in patients with incurable symptomatic rectal cancer.

[A case of testicular tumor with inferior vena cava thrombus].

A 31-year-old man presented with edema in left lower leg and dyspnea. Computed tomographic scanning detected a right testicular tumor, multiple lung nodules, and inferior vena cava (IVC) thrombus. After insertion of an IVC filter, high inguinal orchiectomy was performed after the first combination chemotherapy.

The negative-balance isolated pelvic perfusion method using ultrahigh-dose cisplatin for invasive bladder cancer with poor risk.

Background: Our aim was to evaluate the clinical significance of the negative-balance isolated pelvic perfusion (NIPP) method using ultrahigh-dose cisplatin (CDDP) for ten cases of invasive bladder cancer with poor risk such as high-grade cancer, advanced clinical stage, or appearance of hydronephrosis.

Methods: A CDDP dosage of 200-300 mg/body was used under the NIPP method. To confirm safety and efficacy, peripheral blood, pelvic arterial blood, pelvic venous blood, and urine were collected for sampling of the platinum (Pt) concentrations.

[The clinical status of prostate cancer in elderly patients 75 years of age or older in the Kitamurayama District of Yamagata Prefecture, Japan].

To evaluate the present status of prostate cancer in patients 75 years of age or older, we reviewed clinical characteristics of prostate cancer in patients from the Kitamurayama Hospital. The number of symptomatic advanced cases was greater in patients > or = 75 years old compared with patients < or = 74 years old. However, no significant difference in cause-specific survival rate was found between the two groups.

Changes in pelvic and systemic platinum concentrations during negative-balance isolated pelvic perfusion: correlation between platinum concentration and method of administration in a pig model.

Purpose: To assess the effect of altering the method of administration during negative-balance isolated pelvic perfusion (NIPP) on the platinum concentration in the pelvic or systemic circulation.

Methods: Twenty female pigs were used in this study. The abdominal aorta and the infra-renal vena cava were occluded with two balloon catheters and blood in the extracorporeal circuit was circulated with twin rotary pumps.

Study of prostatic fluid from patients with elevated levels of prostate-specific antigen.

Introduction: Characteristics of prostatic fluid (PF), which can be obtained in large amounts during screening transrectal ultrasound just before prostate biopsy to detect prostate cancer, were investigated. These characteristics include the amount of PF obtained and the number of leukocytes in PF, which would be useful for planning cell-biological or immunological studies of leukocytes in PF and for increasing the understanding of prostatitis in elderly men.

Patients And Methods: The volume of PF and the number of leukocytes in PF were measured in 50 patients suspected of having prostate cancer because of elevated levels of serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA).

Random systematic sextant biopsy versus power doppler ultrasound-guided target biopsy in the diagnosis of prostate cancer: positive rate and clinicopathological features.

Purpose: To determine the efficacy of power Doppler ultrasound (PDU)in the diagnosis of prostate cancer, the rate of detection of cancer with PDU-guided target biopsy and sextant biopsy, the clinicopathological features of cancer positive specimens, and the relation between these two findings were studied.

Methods: From January 1998 through March 2000, 302 men suspected to have prostate cancer underwent sextant biopsy in association with additional PDU-guided target biopsy. Cases with positive biopsy results were divided into 9 groups as follows: T0: sextant biopsy was positive, but target biopsy was negative; S0: all sextant biopsies were negative, but target biopsy was positive; S1 approximately S6: both sextant biopsy and target biopsy were positive (number indicates number of positive sextant biopsy); Tx: sextant biopsy was positive, but no target biopsy was performed owing to a lack of echogenic abnormalities.

Luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone agonist monotherapy for prostate cancer: outcome and prognostic factors.

Background: We assessed the outcome and prognostic factors in men with prostate cancer after luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone agonist monotherapy.

Methods: Between April 1998 and August 2002, 62 men with prostate cancer who were treated with monotherapy at our institution were included in this analysis. Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) failure-free (bNED) survival was calculated using Kaplan-Meier methods.

Reduction of drug leakage by negative-balance isolated pelvic perfusion: correlation between leakage and in-out flow rate in a pig model.

Purpose: Isolated pelvic perfusion (IPP) therapy exposes target tissues to high doses of anticancer drugs with low systemic concentrations, but the major drawback is drug leakage into the systemic circulation, which often thwarts the increased drug concentration. In this study, the efficacy of altering the in-out flow rate during IPP in order to decrease the leakage was assessed in adult pigs.

Methods: The abdominal aorta and the infrarenal vena cava were occluded with two balloon catheters, blood in the extracorporeal circuit was circulated with twin rotary pumps, and the IPP was performed with platinum.

Over expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha in renal and bladder cancer cells increases tumorigenic potency.

Purpose: Hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha (HIF-1alpha) is a transcriptional factor that regulates genes involved in the response to hypoxia. We evaluated the effects of HIF-1alpha over expression on the tumorigenic potency of renal cell carcinoma VMRC cells and bladder cancer EJ cells in vitro and in vivo.

Materials And Methods: We introduced HIF-1alpha expression vectors into VMRC and EJ cells, and generated the HIF-1alpha over expressing cell lines VMRC-HIF1alpha and EJ-HIF1alpha, and the vector only transfected cell lines VMRC-neo and EJ-neo.