Practical Osmotic Agent for High-Degree Pharmaceutical Pre-Concentration by Organic Solvent Forward Osmosis.

Pre-concentration can reduce the total production costs in the pharmaceutical industry. Organic solvent forward osmosis (OSFO) is a suitable pre-concentration method because of its nonthermal nature, low capital cost, and potential for achieving high-degree concentrations. In a previous study, we first demonstrated a high-degree OSFO concentration.

High-Degree Concentration Organic Solvent Forward Osmosis for Pharmaceutical Pre-Concentration.

Over half of the pharmaceutical industry's capital investments are related to the purification of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs). Thus, a cost-effective purification process with a highly concentrated solution is urgently required. In addition, the purification process should be nonthermal because most APIs and their intermediates are temperature-sensitive.

Anion-controlled assembly of four manganese ions: structural, magnetic, and electrochemical properties of tetramanganese complexes stabilized by xanthene-bridged Schiff base ligands.

The reaction of manganese(II) acetate with a xanthene-bridged bis[3-(salicylideneamino)-1-propanol] ligand, H(4)L, afforded the tetramanganese(II,II,III,III) complex [Mn(4)(L)(2)(μ-OAc)(2)], which has an incomplete double-cubane structure. The corresponding reaction using manganese(II) chloride in the presence of a base gave the tetramanganese(III,III,III,III) complex [Mn(4)(L)(2)Cl(3)(μ(4)-Cl)(OH(2))], in which four Mn ions are bridged by a Cl(-) ion. A pair of L ligands has a propensity to incorporate four Mn ions, the arrangement and oxidation states of which are dependent on the coexistent anions.