Continuous positive airway pressure versus high-flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy for acute hypoxemic respiratory failure: A randomized controlled trial.

Background And Objective: The relative effectiveness of initial non-invasive respiratory strategies for acute respiratory failure using continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) or high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) is unclear.

Methods: We conducted a multicenter, open-label, parallel-group randomized controlled trial to compare the efficacy of CPAP and HFNC on reducing the risk of meeting the prespecified criteria for intubation and improving clinical outcomes of acute hypoxemic respiratory failure. The primary endpoint was the time taken to meet the prespecified criteria for intubation within 28 days.

Genetic Homology between Bacteria Isolated from Pulmonary Abscesses or Pyothorax and Bacteria from the Oral Cavity.

Pulmonary abscesses and pyothorax are bacterial infections believed to be caused primarily by oral microbes. However, past reports addressing such infections have not provided genetic evidence and lack accuracy, as they used samples that had passed through the oral cavity. The aim of this study was to determine whether genetically identical bacterial strains exist in both the oral microbiota and pus specimens that were obtained percutaneously from pulmonary abscesses and pyothorax, without oral contamination.

Clinical features of chronic summer-type hypersensitivity pneumonitis and proposition of diagnostic criteria.

Background: Trichosporon asahii (T. asahii) causes chronic summer-type hypersensitivity pneumonitis (C-SHP); however, little is known about the clinical features of this condition. We aimed to elucidate the clinical features of C-SHP and propose practical diagnostic criteria for C-SHP based on the presence of serum anti-T.

Factors associated with the relapse of cryptogenic and secondary organizing pneumonia.

Background: Organizing pneumonia (OP) is a histopathological response pattern to lung inflammation. It is clinically classified into cryptogenic OP and secondary OP, which is associated with various clinical conditions. Rapid resolution with corticosteroids and frequent relapses are common in OP.

IgG4-related lung disease with organizing pneumonia effectively treated with azathioprine.

Immunoglobulin (Ig)-G4-related disease is a multi-organ disease that may affect the lung. We herein describe a patient with IgG4-related lung disease (IgG4-RLD) who was radiologically and pathologically diagnosed with organizing pneumonia. He was successfully treated with a combination of prednisolone (PSL) and azathioprine (AZA), and his clinical course has been uneventful since tapering off PSL.

[Improvement of patient adherence by mixing oral itraconazole solution with a beverage (orange juice)].

There have been some reports on the efficacy and tolerability of an oral itraconazole (ITCZ) solution as prophylaxis for fungal infection in patients with hematological malignancies. However, there are some cases where the bitter taste of oral ITCZ solution leads to an interruption of administration because the patient refuses to take this medicine. Therefore, we prospectively investigated the pharmacokinetics and promotion of treatment adherence in patients taking oral ITCZ solution mixed with a beverage.

Radiological imaging change in a malignant bowel obstruction patient treated with octreotide.

Introduction: Malignant bowel obstruction (MBO) is a complication in advanced cancer patients with abdominal and pelvic malignancy. Recent research has established the efficacy of octreotide for MBO-related symptom relief. The mechanism that octreotide increases water absorption in case of MBO has not been demonstrated except for experimental animal and normal human model.