Efficacy and safety of diffusing alpha-emitter radiation therapy (DaRT) for head and neck cancer recurrence after radiotherapy.

Background: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of diffusing alpha-emitter radiation therapy (DaRT) for recurrent head and neck cancer (rHNC) after radiotherapy.

Methods: This study was a multicenter prospective clinical trial. Eligibility criteria included all patients with biopsy-proven rHNC and history of radiotherapy.

DNA damage response in a 2D-culture model by diffusing alpha-emitters radiation therapy (Alpha-DaRT).

Diffusing alpha-emitters radiation therapy (Alpha-DaRT) is a unique method, in which interstitial sources carrying Ra release a chain of short-lived daughter atoms from their surface. Although DNA damage response (DDR) is crucial to inducing cell death after irradiation, how the DDR occurs during Alpha-DaRT treatment has not yet been explored. In this study, we temporo-spatially characterized DDR such as kinetics of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) and cell cycle, in two-dimensional (2D) culture conditions qualitatively mimicking Alpha-DaRT treatments, by employing HeLa cells expressing the Fucci cell cycle-visualizing system.

A Case of Radiation-Induced Brachial Plexopathy Below the Tolerance Dose.

This case report details a rare instance of radiation-induced brachial plexopathy (RIBP) occurring below the typical tolerance dose in a 55-year-old woman following chemoradiotherapy for apical non-small cell lung carcinoma. Despite receiving a radiation dose considered safe (47-48 Gray in 25 fractions), she developed sensory abnormalities and motor weakness in the right upper limb. The diagnostic distinction between RIBP and tumor recurrence was achieved using MRI, which showed characteristic features of radiation-induced damage.

Feasibility of accelerated partial breast irradiation with strut-adjusted volume implant brachytherapy in Japan focusing on dosimetry and acute toxicity: a Japanese multi-institutional prospective study.

Background: A Japanese multi-institutional prospective study was initiated to investigate the effectiveness and safety of accelerated partial breast irradiation (APBI) using strut-adjusted volume implant (SAVI) brachytherapy, with subjects registered between 2016 and 2021. Herein, we report the preliminary results on the feasibility of this treatment modality in Japan, focusing on the registration process, dosimetry, and acute toxicities.

Patients And Methods: Primary registration was conducted before breast-conserving surgery (BCS) and the eligibility criteria included the following: age ≥ 40 years, tumor unifocal and unicentric, ≤ 3 cm in diameter, cN0M0, proven ductal, mucinous, tubular, medullary, or lobular carcinoma by needle biopsy.

Retrograde Migration of an Au-198 Grain to the Submandibular Gland Post Brachytherapy Treatment of Floor of Mouth Cancer.

At our institution, radiation oncologists routinely treat early-stage oral cancer with low-dose-rate brachytherapy (LDR-BRT) using Au-198 grains. In this report, we show a unique case of a patient with a gold grain located within the submandibular gland, found incidentally during follow-up after LDR-BRT for floor of mouth cancer. One month after the implant, he showed sialadenitis-like symptoms, but the pain resolved two months later.

Efficacy and Safety of Induction Chemotherapy and/or External Beam Radiotherapy Followed by Brachytherapy in Patients With Tongue Cancer.

Background/aim: To evaluate the outcomes of induction chemotherapy and/or external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) followed by brachytherapy (BT) in patients with tongue cancer who had a waiting period for BT or a large tumor that was not suitable for BT.

Patients And Methods: As an induction therapy, chemotherapy with tegafur/gimeracil/oteracil (S-1), EBRT or both S-1 chemotherapy and EBRT was prescribed. BT was performed using Au-198 grains or Ir-192 pins.

Outcomes of radiotherapy in advanced external auditory canal cancer.

External auditory canal cancer (EACC) is a rare malignant tumor. In the present study, we retrospectively evaluated the treatment results in patients with advanced EACC who were treated using external-beam radiotherapy (EBRT) combined with chemotherapy or radical surgery. Overall, 21 patients with Stage III (n = 8) or Stage IV (n = 13) EACC who underwent initial treatment at our hospital between 2003 and 2016 were enrolled in this study.

Temporo-spatial cell-cycle kinetics in HeLa cells irradiated by Ir-192 high dose-rate remote afterloading system (HDR-RALS).

Background: Intracavitary irradiation plays a pivotal role in definitive radiotherapy for cervical cancer, and the Ir-192 high dose-rate remote afterloading system (HDR-RALS) is often used for this purpose. Under this condition, tumor tissues receive remarkably different absorption doses, with a steep gradient, depending on distance from the radiation source. To obtain temporo-spatial information regarding cell-cycle kinetics in cervical cancer following irradiation by Ir-192 HDR-RALS, we examined HeLa cells expressing the fluorescence ubiquitination-based cell cycle indicator (Fucci), which allowed us to visualize cell-cycle progression.

Permanent interstitial re-irradiation with Au-198 seeds in patients with post-radiation locally recurrent uterine carcinoma.

This study sought to analyze the outcome of patients with post-treatment locally recurrent uterine carcinoma treated with Au-198 seed permanent interstitial re-irradiation (Au-198 IRI). A retrospective review of the data of 15 patients with post-treatment locally recurrent uterine carcinoma treated with Au-198 IRI between 1991 and 2009 was performed to evaluate the disease response, local control, overall survival and complication rates. All the patients had received definitive radiation therapy or surgery as the initial treatment.

Impact of concurrent chemotherapy on definitive radiotherapy for women with FIGO IIIb cervical cancer.

The purpose of this retrospective study is to investigate the impact of concurrent chemotherapy on definitive radiotherapy for the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) IIIb cervical cancer. Between 2000 and 2009, 131 women with FIGO IIIb cervical cancer were treated by definitive radiotherapy (i.e.

Salvage radiotherapy after radical prostatectomy: outcomes and prognostic factors especially focusing on pathological findings.

External beam radiotherapy is a potential salvage or adjuvant therapy after radical prostatectomy (RP). The purpose of this study was to investigate the treatment outcome of salvage radiotherapy (RT) following RP for clinically localized prostate cancer and to identify factors that may predict the outcome of salvage RT. Between 2000 and 2006, 41 patients received salvage RT because of increasing prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels following an RP for clinically localized prostate cancer.

Repeat brachytherapy for patients with residual or recurrent tumors of oral cavity.

Purpose: To analyze data from patients receiving repeat brachytherapy (re-BT) for the treatment of residual or recurrent tumor in the oral cavity.

Methods And Materials: Between January 2003 and December 2007, 62 patients who had undergone definitive BT as an initial treatment of oral cancer subsequently underwent re-BT for the treatment of residual or recurrent tumors at the diagnostic radiology and oncology department (Tokyo Medical and Dental University Hospital). Re-BT was performed 0.

Outcomes in patients with early-stage hypopharyngeal cancer treated with radiotherapy.

Purpose: To analyze the outcome in patients with early-stage hypopharyngeal cancer (HPC) who were treated with radiotherapy (RT).

Methods And Materials: Between February 1988 and February 2007, 77 patients with Stage I or Stage II HPC underwent definitive RT in the Division of Radiation Oncology at the National Cancer Center Hospital. Eleven of the patients received local irradiation, and the other 66 patients received elective bilateral neck irradiation and booster irradiation to the primary lesion.

Electron therapy for orbital and periorbital lesions using customized lead eye shields.

Purpose: To establish the protective efficacy against late complications of electron therapy using customized lead eye shields in cases with orbital and periorbital lesions.

Methods: Between 1982 and 2006, 16 patients with 22 orbital and periorbital lesions were treated by electron therapy. Customized lead eye shields were prepared and placed in the respective patients' eyes during each fraction of electron therapy.

Quality of life of oral cancer patients after low-dose-rate interstitial brachytherapy.

Purpose: To assess the quality of life (QOL) of oral cancer patients treated with low-dose-rate interstitial brachytherapy (LDR-BT) alone.

Methods And Materials: Between June 2005 and July 2006, a total of 56 patients with oral cancer were enrolled in this prospective study. QOL was assessed by means of the core questionnaire and head and neck questionnaire module of the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC Quality of Life Questionnaire-Core 30 [QLQ-C30] and QLQ Head and Neck 35 [H&N35]).

Radiotherapy doses at special reference points correlate with the outcome of cervical cancer therapy.

Purpose: The authors analyzed the correlation between radiotherapy doses at reference points on the uterine edge and the rectal wall and both pelvic control and late rectal complications of cervical cancer therapy.

Methods And Materials: Between 1997 and 2005, 57 patients with Stages IB-IVA cancer of uterine cervix were treated with a combination of external beam radiotherapy and high-dose-rate intracavitary brachytherapy. Their high-dose-rate intracavitary brachytherapy was planned by dose-point optimization at six dose points located on the edge of uterus by computed tomography.

Prediction of lymphatic metastasis based on gene expression profile analysis after brachytherapy for early-stage oral tongue carcinoma.

Background And Purpose: The management of lymphatic metastasis of early-stage oral tongue carcinoma patients is crucial for its prognosis. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the predictive ability of lymphatic metastasis after brachytherapy (BRT) for early-stage tongue carcinoma based on gene expression profiling.

Patients And Methods: Pre-therapeutic biopsies from 39 patients with T1 or T2 tongue cancer were analyzed for gene expression signatures using Codelink Uniset Human 20K Bioarray.

Curative brachytherapy for recurrent/residual tongue cancer.

Purpose: The efficacy of curative low-dose-rate (LDR) brachytherapy for recurrent and/or residual cancer following radical operation or irradiation and posttreatment quality of life (QoL) were assessed.

Patients And Methods: Between January 1979 and April 2004, 88 patients who had received curative LDR brachytherapy (28 with postoperative close or positive margins, six with postoperative recurrence, six with recurrence after external-beam irradiation, and 48 with recurrent/residual cancer after curative brachytherapy) were analyzed retrospectively. Late complications were assessed based on the RTOG/EORTC late radiation morbidity score scheme.

Brachytherapy of stage II mobile tongue carcinoma. Prediction of local control and QOL.

Background: There is no consensus as to the prognostic model for brachytherapy of tongue carcinoma. This study was designed to evaluate the prognostic factors for local control based on a large population under a unified treatment policy.

Results: Between 1970 and 1998, 433 patients with stage II tongue squamous cell carcinoma were treated by low-dose-rate brachytherapy.

Maintained salivary function after brachytherapy in patients with head and neck carcinomas--evaluation using quantitative salivary gland scintigraphy.

The purpose of this study was to determine whether or not salivary gland dysfunction occurs within the first three months after brachytherapy in patients with head and neck carcinoma. Of the 20 patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma included in this study, 11 were treated with brachytherapy and the remaining 9 patients received external irradiation. All the patients underwent a salivary gland scintigraphy before and after radiotherapy.

Trimodal combination therapy for maxillary sinus carcinoma.

Purpose: This study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of trimodal combination therapy (radiotherapy, intra-arterial chemotherapy, antrotomy) for the treatment of primary maxillary sinus carcinoma.

Methods And Materials: Between 1977 and 1996, 110 patients with maxillary squamous cell carcinoma were treated with trimodal combination therapy at Tokyo Medical and Dental University Hospital. All tumors were classified according to the 1997 UICC TNM staging system.

Site specific dependency of second primary cancer in early stage head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.

Background: A study was conducted to determine the site specificity of second primary cancer (SPC) following early (Stage I and II) squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCH) and its impact on prognosis.

Methods: Between 1956 and 1999, 1,639 early stage SCHs in 1,609 patients were treated by radiotherapy at the authors' institution. The risk of additional respiratory and upper digestive tract (RUDT) carcinoma and the treatment outcome were reviewed for each SCH site.