Publications by authors named "Ryo Yamamoto"
Background: Fungal infections are significant complications of severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Although various risk factors for poor outcomes in patients with COVID-19 have been identified, clinical and treatment factors associated with fungal infections in patients with severe COVID-19 remain unclear. This study aimed to elucidate clinical factors associated with fungal infections during severe COVID-19 treatment.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFGenome wide association studies (GWAS) have been conducted over the past decades to investigate the underlying genetic origin of neuropsychiatric diseases, such as schizophrenia (SCZ). While these studies demonstrated the significance of disease-phenotype associations, there is a pressing need to fully characterize the functional relevance of disease-associated genetic variants. Functional genetic loci can affect transcriptional and post-transcriptional phenotypes that may contribute to disease pathology.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are crucial for maintaining hematopoietic homeostasis and are localized within distinct bone marrow (BM) niches. While BM niches are often considered similar across different skeletal sites, we discovered that the alveolar BM (al-BM) in the mandible harbors the highest frequency of immunophenotypic HSCs in nine different skeletal sites. Transplantation assays revealed significantly increased engraftment from al-BM compared to femur, tibia, or pelvis BM, likely due to a higher proportion of alveolar HSCs.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCeftriaxone is widely used clinically but it can potentially cause ceftriaxone encephalopathy in individuals who are on dialysis. We describe ceftriaxone encephalopathy in a dialysis patient. The 87-year-old Japanese woman had a 9-year dialysis history.
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- Injury prevention for pediatric burns at home is important, and this study aimed to understand burn injury trends in urban areas over 30 years.
- Using data from various burn centers and authorities in Tokyo, researchers analyzed 1,092 pediatric burn cases, categorizing them by mechanism, severity, and outcomes across five 6-year intervals.
- Results showed a decrease in flame burns and hospital stay duration, but scald burns remained stable, indicating a need for more interventions to prevent these types of injuries.
Background: Climate change and the growing demand for agricultural water threaten global food security. Understanding water use characteristics of major crops from leaf to field scale is critical, particularly for identifying crop varieties with enhanced water-use efficiency (WUE) and stress tolerance. Traditional methods to assess WUE are either by gas exchange measurements at the leaf level or labor-intensive manual pot weighing at the whole-plant level, both of which have limited throughput.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Patients with traumatic out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (t-OHCA) require on-scene airway management to maintain tissue oxygenation. However, the benefits of prehospital endotracheal intubation remain unclear, particularly regarding neurological outcomes. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the association between prehospital intubation and favourable neurological outcomes in patients with t-OHCA.
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- Mutations in the IDH gene are crucial for the development of astrocytoma and oligodendroglioma, but their role in tumor maintenance and aggressive transformation is still unclear.
- Researchers observed an unusual case of IDH-mutant astrocytoma that transformed into two distinct types: one with IDH mutations and another without, showing differing characteristics in aggression.
- The IDH-wild-type component lacked the IDH mutation due to chromosome loss, and also acquired additional genetic changes, indicating that these tumors may become independent of IDH mutations and develop resistance to treatments targeting those mutations.
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- Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) offers temporary support for patients with severe trauma, and this study examines the outcomes of patients treated with veno-arterial ECMO (V-A ECMO) in Japan between 2019 and 2021.
- Out of 72,439 severe trauma patients, only 51 received V-A ECMO, with a discharge survival rate of 31.3%.
- The findings suggest that V-A ECMO may be beneficial in severe trauma cases, particularly where traditional interventions aren't effective, but further research is needed to clarify its indications.
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- Thiamine is a key nutrient for energy metabolism, and while its deficiency is common in critically ill patients, the effects of supplementation are not well understood.
- A systematic review and meta-analysis of 35 studies with nearly 3,500 patients found that thiamine supplementation didn’t significantly affect mortality but may reduce shock duration, lactate levels, and the SOFA score, indicating potential improvement in patient conditions.
- However, thiamine administration also slightly increased the length of ICU stay, suggesting that while it can help with certain health metrics, it does not translate into lower death rates.
Background & Aims: High-fat, low-carbohydrate enteral nutrition has gained attention, with expectations of an improved respiratory condition, fewer complications, and lower mortality. The present study performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials to examine the effects of high-fat, low-carbohydrate enteral nutrition in critically ill adult patients.
Methods: We searched MEDLINE via Pubmed, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), and ICHUSHI for randomized controlled trials comparing high-fat, low-carbohydrate enteral nutrition to standard enteral nutrition in critically ill adult patients who received enteral nutrition.
Objective: Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) is recognized as the second most common cause of degenerative dementia in older people with Alzheimer's disease (AD), and distinguishing between these 2 diseases may be challenging in clinical practice. However, accurate differentiation is important because these 2 diseases have different prognoses and require different care. Recently, several studies have reported that neuromelanin-sensitive MRI can detect neurodegeneration in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc).
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- A study was conducted to create a severity scale for perforated peptic ulcers (PPU) with generalized peritonitis to help guide surgical decisions based on patient risk.
- Researchers analyzed a large database of patients who underwent surgery for PPU from 2013 to 2020, identifying key predictors of severe postoperative complications.
- The final scoring system ranged from 0-11 with a cutoff of 5 suggesting minimal risk of complications, requiring further validation for clinical use.
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- Acute kidney injury (AKI) is common in septic patients, and the study aimed to identify if a higher urine output threshold than the standard 0.5 mL/kg/h could indicate increased AKI risk.
- In a post-hoc analysis of septic patients, those with low, moderate, and high urine output had AKI incidences of 53.1%, 48.3%, and 46.3%, respectively, suggesting that higher urine output correlates with lower AKI risk.
- The findings indicated that a urine output over 1.0 mL/kg/h on the day of sepsis diagnosis was associated with reduced AKI incidence, while creating different thresholds for AKI, renal replacement therapy, and
The title compound, CHBN, is a type of di-aza-borinane featuring substitution at 1, 2, and 3 positions in the nitro-gen-boron six-membered heterocycle. It is comprised of two almost planar units, the pyridyl ring and the Bdan (dan = 1,8-di-aminona-phtho) group, which subtend a dihedral angle of 24.57 (5)°.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFA gene delivery system utilizing lentiviral vectors (LVs) requires high transduction efficiency for successful application in human gene therapy. Pseudotyping allows viral tropism to be expanded, widening the usage of LVs. While vesicular stomatitis virus G (VSV-G) single-pseudotyped LVs are commonly used, dual-pseudotyping is less frequently employed because of its increased complexity.
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- Twin pregnancies have a high risk of perinatal complications, leading to early deliveries (36-38 weeks) to prevent fetal death, but this may also cause respiratory issues in newborns.
- A study analyzed data from 1,608 twins delivered between these weeks, focusing on respiratory problems like distress syndrome and use of ventilation.
- Results showed that delivering dichorionic twins at 36 weeks had a higher rate of respiratory complications compared to 37 weeks, suggesting that waiting until at least 37 weeks can reduce risks for uncomplicated twin pregnancies.
Heliorhodopsin (HeR) is a new rhodopsin family discovered in 2018 through functional metagenomic analysis. Similar to microbial rhodopsins, HeR has an all-trans retinal chromophore, and its photoisomerization to the 13-cis form triggers a relatively slow photocycle with sequential intermediate states (K, M, and O intermediates). The O intermediate has a relatively long lifetime and is a putative active state for transferring signals or regulating enzymatic reactions.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (ECPR) is an option for refractory cardiac arrest, and immediate initiation after indication is recommended. However, the practical goals of ECPR preparation (such as the door-to-needle time) remain unclear. This study aimed to elucidate the association between the door-to-needle time and neurological outcomes of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest.
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- Resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta (REBOA) is used to manage severe bleeding, particularly in non-trauma centers lacking trauma surgeons, but its effectiveness is still debated.
- A study in Japan analyzed data from 2004 to 2021 on 2,557 patients who underwent REBOA, focusing on factors like mortality rates and injury severity.
- Results indicated a significant decrease in hospital mortality from 91.3% to 50.9%, especially for patients without severe head/spine injuries, with the best outcomes for those with a systolic blood pressure of 80 mmHg or above.
Background: The utility of using indirect calorimetry (IC) to estimate energy needs and methods for its application to this purpose remain unclear. This systematic review investigated whether using IC to estimate energy expenditure in critically ill patients is more meaningful for improving survival than other estimation methods.
Methods: Comprehensive searches were conducted in MEDLINE using PubMed, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Igaku-Chuo-Zasshi up to March 2023.
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- Rapid growth in IoT technologies has led to significant security risks, including large-scale botnet attacks that exploit vulnerabilities called zero-day attacks.
- Proposed intrusion detection methods utilize federated learning to enhance collective detection abilities across multiple IoT networks, but challenges remain in autonomously labeling attacks and sharing information among different device types.
- The paper introduces a novel method called IDAC, which autonomously labels attack candidates from network traffic and shares learned information, demonstrating improved detection performance and reduced false positives compared to existing methods.