CRISPRi knockdown of the cyabrB1 gene induces the divergently transcribed icfG and sll1783 operons related to carbon metabolism in the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803.

Most cyanobacterial genomes possess more than two copies of genes encoding cyAbrBs (cyanobacterial AbrB-like proteins) having an AbrB-like DNA-binding domain at their C-terminal region. Accumulating data suggest that a wide variety of metabolic and physiologic processes are regulated by cyAbrBs. In this study, we investigated the function of the essential gene cyabrB1 (sll0359) in Synechocystis sp.

Case Report: Use of endobronchial Watanabe spigot and coagulation factor XIII supplementation in the treatment of persistent pneumothorax due to pneumocystis pneumonia with human immunodeficiency virus infection.

pneumonia is one of the most common opportunistic infections associated with human immunodeficiency virus. Endobronchial Watanabe spigot has been recommended for refractory pneumothorax, even with persistant air leak despite continuous negative pressure control thoracic drainage. Moreover, coagulation factor XIII is considered effective in wound healing.

Case Report: Massive Hemoptysis From a Spontaneously Regression Inflammatory Bronchial Polyp.

Background: Bronchial inflammatory polyps are usually treated by surgical operation or with steroids and/or antibiotics, and it is quite rare that such polys spontaneously disappear without any treatment. This report shows a rare case with a bronchial inflammatory polyp which caused massive hemoptysis but spontaneously disappeared without any treatment.

Case Presentation: A 66-year-old man with type 2 diabetes mellitus and a history of cough and asthma suddenly developed massive hemoptysis while smoking and was brought to an emergency room in our institution.

Case Report: A Patient With Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome, Water Intoxication and Hyponatremia Associated With Severe Cerebral Edema and Coma.

Background: Water intoxication is typically caused by primary or psychogenic polydipsia that potentially may lead to fatal disturbance in brain functions. Neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) is a serious complication induced by administration of antipsychotics and other psychotropic drugs. The combination of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone (SIDAH), NMS and rhabdomyolysis have been rarely reported.

Temperature sensitivity of Notch signaling underlies species-specific developmental plasticity and robustness in amniote brains.

Ambient temperature significantly affects developmental timing in animals. The temperature sensitivity of embryogenesis is generally believed to be a consequence of the thermal dependency of cellular metabolism. However, the adaptive molecular mechanisms that respond to variations in temperature remain unclear.

Animal models of chronic and recurrent Pseudomonas aeruginosa lung infection: significance of macrolide treatment.

Animal models of human diseases are invaluable and inevitable elements in identifying and testing novel treatments for serious diseases, including severe infections. Planning and conducting investigator-initiated human trials are generally accepted as being enormously challenging. In contrast, it is often underestimated how much planning, including background and modifying experiments, is needed to establish a relevant infectious disease animal model.

Rapidly Exacerbating Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia Together With Marked Cytokine Storm Triggered by Pneumonia Infection: A Case Report.

Autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) is caused by hemolysis induced by the reaction of autoantibodies with red blood cells. AIHA is usually classified as either warm antibody or cold antibody-mediated AIHA. In addition, AIHA caused by infection is classified as secondary AIHA.

Thoracoscopic Findings in IgG4-related Pleuritis.

A 46-year-old Japanese man was admitted to our hospital with a 1-year history of dyspnea and persistent right-dominant bilateral pleural effusions. Chest and abdominal computed tomography (CT) revealed no notable findings apart from the bilateral pleural effusions. 2-deoxy-2-[F]-fluoro-D-glucose (FDG) positron emission tomography-CT showed no accumulation of FDG in the thorax and abdomen.

Elevated levels of periostin and TGF-β1 in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of patients with idiopathic eosinophilic pneumonia.

Background: Periostin is induced in bronchial epithelial cells and fibroblasts by various stimuli including interleukin (IL)13 and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1, and is involved in allergic diseases such as asthma and atopic dermatitis, playing an important role in tissue remodeling and fibrosis. The role of periostin in the pathogenesis of eosinophilic lung diseases, however, is unclear.

Objective: To examine the contribution of periostin to eosinophilic inflammation of the lung in humans, we evaluated periostin, IL-13, and TGF-β1 levels in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of patients with eosinophilic pneumonia (EP).

Deciduoid type malignant pleural mesothelioma: a case report.

Here, we report a patient with deciduoid type malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM), which rapidly progressed. A 55-year-old man who might have been exposed to asbestos a few decades ago had severe back pain. The chest X-ray scanning and computed tomography (CT) revealed pleural thickness on his right thoracic space, without the presence of a lung mass.

Biomarkers for differentiation of patients with asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Objective: Asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are airflow limitation diseases with similar clinical manifestations but different pathophysiologic mechanisms. To implement the appropriate treatment, it is important to distinguish between asthma and COPD which sometimes might result difficult in clinical practice. We evaluated biomarkers to distinguish between asthma and COPD.

Evaluation of Bioequivalence Between the New Procaterol Hydrochloride Hydrate Dry Powder Inhaler and the Approved Dry Powder Inhaler in Patients With Asthma in a Randomized, Double-Blind, Double-Dummy, Crossover Comparison Study: A Phase 3 Study.

Procaterol hydrochloride hydrate (procaterol) is a β -adrenergic receptor agonist that induces a strong bronchodilatory effect. The procaterol dry powder inhaler (DPI) has been frequently used in patients with bronchial asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. We evaluated the bioequivalence and safety between the new procaterol DPI (new DPI) and the approved procaterol DPI (approved DPI).

Antimicrobial effect of titanium dioxide after ultraviolet irradiation against periodontal pathogen.

We focused on the antimicrobial effects of titanium dioxide (TiO2) after stopping ultraviolet (UV) irradiation as an adjunctive treatment for peri-implantitis in this study. The aim was to determine the continuous photocatalytic effects of TiO2 after UV irradiation and its antimicrobial activity against periodontal pathogen. The continuous photocatalytic effects of TiO2 after UV irradiation were determined by electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy using TiO2 particles of various sizes with various UV irradiation times.

Cloning of the lanosterol 14-α-demethylase ( ERG11 ) gene in Trichosporon asahii: a possible association between G453R amino acid substitution and azole resistance in T. asahii.

Lanosterol 14-α-demethylase ( Erg11 protein; Erg11p ), encoded by the ERG11 gene, is the primary target of azoles. Recently, a change in affinity of this enzyme for azoles has been reported as a resistance mechanism in several fungal species. Trichosporon asahii ( T.

A case of eosinophilic pneumonia in a tobacco harvester.

Background: Eosinophilic pneumonia comprises a group of lung diseases in which eosinophils appear in increased numbers in the lungs. The distinct etiology of eosinophilic pneumonia is unknown, although the previous case series have indicated a relationship between acute eosinophilic pneumonia and the exposure to exogenous substances including the constituents of cigarettes.

Case Summary: A 60-year-old nonsmoking female, who had started to harvest and sort tobacco leaves two months before presentation, was admitted because of persistent coughing, breathlessness, and general malaise.

Clinical features of healthcare-associated pneumonia (HCAP) in a Japanese community hospital: comparisons among nursing home-acquired pneumonia (NHAP), HCAP other than NHAP, and community-acquired pneumonia.

Background And Objective: More than 100000 Japanese die of pneumonia every year. The number of people residing in nursing homes is increasing with the ageing of the population. In 2005, the American Thoracic Society/Infectious Diseases Society of America (ATS/IDSA) published important guidelines for the management of healthcare-associated pneumonia (HCAP).

[Two cases, of pulmonary sclerosing hemangioma, and peripheral lung carcinoid, in which the diagnoses were difficult by intraoperative frozen section examinations].

Case 1: A 38-year-old man was referred to our hospital because of a chest nodular shadow found on a medical check-up. Chest CT showed a mass about 2 cm in diameter with a sharp margin in the right S6 segment. Right lower lobectomy was performed by video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery, because the mass was thought to be a peripheral lung carcinoid by intraoperative frozen section examination.

A retrospective study of the patients with positive ImmunoCard Mycoplasma test on an outpatient clinic basis.

The simplified ImmunoCard Mycoplasma test for rapidly detecting Mycoplasma pneumoniae-specific IgM antibodies has been widely used. We examined the usefulness of this test for outpatient practices as well as for the association with bronchial asthma. Among 196 patients whose ImmunoCard showed positive, we targeted 57 cases in which we were able to perform this test multiple times.

Low expression of T-cell co-stimulatory molecules in bone marrow-derived dendritic cells in a mouse model of chronic respiratory infection with Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Pseudomonas (P.) aeruginosa frequently colonizes the respiratory tract of patients with chronic respiratory tract infections such as diffuse panbronchiolitis (DPB). The number of dendritic cells (DCs) that play a central role in immune functions as antigen-presenting cells is reportedly increased in the bronchiolar tissues of patients with DPB.

[Case of acute eosinophilic pneumonia possibly caused by an increase in smoking amount].

An 18-year-old man was hospitalized with fever, dry cough and dyspnea of acute onset. A chest radiograph and chest CT scan revealed diffuse bilateral infiltrates in peripheral lung zones with a small amount of pleural effusion. Laboratory data showed leukocytosis without eosinophilia and hypoxemia.

[Allergic bronchopulmonary mycosis induced by Schizophyllum commune--case report and review of the literature].

A 55-year-old man was admitted to our hospital because of pyrexia, cough and sputum. He suffered from bronchial asthma. Chest X-ray showed infiltrates in the left upper and right lower lung fields.

A Japanese family with multiple lung cysts and recurrent pneumothorax: a possibility of Birt-Hogg-Dubé syndrome.

We herein report a Japanese family lineage, possibly demonstrating Birt-Hogg-Dubé (BHD) syndrome. A 29-year-old nonsmoking woman was admitted to our hospital due to spontaneous pneumothorax. A chest CT showed multiple lung cysts, and breast cancer was simultaneously detected that needed priority surgical treatment.

[Sarcoidosis with epididymal and testicular lesions: case report and a review of the literature].

A 47-year-old man was admitted for further examination of uveitis. He had noticed scrotal swelling before his admission. A computed tomographic scan of the chest showed hilar and mediastinal lymphadenopathy, multiple micronodules and thickening of the interlobular septum, and these findings were consistent with sarcoidosis.