Measuring the Flight Trajectory of a Free-Flying Moth on the Basis of Noise-Reduced 3D Point Cloud Time Series Data.

Pest control is crucial in crop production; however, the use of chemical pesticides, the primary method of pest control, poses environmental issues and leads to insecticide resistance in pests. To overcome these issues, laser zapping has been studied as a clean pest control technology against the nocturnal cotton leafworm, , which has high fecundity and causes severe damage to various crops. For better sighting during laser zapping, it is important to measure the coordinates and speed of moths under low-light conditions.

Base-Stabilized Gallium Sulfides and Selenides Supported by a Bis(oxazolinyl)(phenyl)methanide Ligand.

Gallylene supported by a bis(oxazolinyl)(phenyl)methanide (Boxm) ligand was synthesized and structurally characterized. The reaction of this gallylene with triphenylphosphine sulfide/selenide yielded dimeric gallium sulfide and selenide. These compounds could be converted to monomeric terminal sulfide and selenide by coordination of an external Lewis base such as an N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC or IMe) and 4-dimethylaminopyridiene (DMAP).

Early total reconstruction for a Gustilo type IIIB open forearm fracture associated with avulsion injury of multiple extensor tendons: A case report.

Gustilo type IIIB open forearm fractures associated with avulsion injuries of multiple extensor tendons are difficult to reconstruct. Not only are bones, nerves, blood vessels, and soft tissues injured, but also tendons directly related to hand function. A 74-year-old man sustained an injury to his dominant right hand after being hit by a heavy pulley.

A case of sacrococcygeal teratoma associated with antenatally acquired urethrovaginal fistula and hydrocolpos.

Background: Sacrococcygeal teratomas (SCTs) are known to cause urological complications, but urethrovaginal (UV) fistula as a complication of SCT is rare. We herein report a case of SCT with UV fistula and hydrocolpos.

Case Presentation: A 1-day-old female neonate presented to our department with prominent swelling in the sacrococcygeal region.

A new species of the genus sensu lato () from Hachijo Island, Japan.

sp. nov. is described and illustrated.

Intermediate State between MoSe and Janus MoSeS during Atomic Substitution Process.

Janus transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs), with dissimilar chalcogen atoms on each side of TMDCs, have garnered considerable research attention because of the out-of-plane intrinsic polarization in monolayer TMDCs. Although a plasma process has been proposed for synthesizing Janus TMDCs based on the atomic substitution of surface atoms at room temperature, the formation dynamics and intermediate electronic states have not been completely examined. In this study, we investigated the intermediate state between MoSe and Janus MoSeS during plasma processing.

[A Case of Long-Term Survival by Multidisciplinary Surgical Treatment for Metastatic Multi-Organ Metastasis after Radical Resection of Esophageal Cancer].

A 78-year-old man with advanced thoracic esophageal cancer underwent radical esophagectomy after neoadjuvant chemotherapy with cisplatin plus 5-FU. He had left adrenal metastasis 10 months after surgery and removed it, but 3 months later he had liver metastases. After 2 courses of chemotherapy with nedaplatin plus 5-FU, resection was performed.

Base-Stabilized Neutral Oxoborane and Thioxoborane Supported by a Bis(oxazolinyl)(phenyl)methanide Ligand.

Base-stabilized neutral oxoborane and thioxoborane supported by a bis(oxazolinyl)(phenyl)methanide ligand have been synthesized and structurally characterized. While previous synthetic attempts of oxoborane ligated by β-diketiminate (NacNac) did not allow for its isolation in acid-free form, oxoborane supported by a bis(oxazolinyl)(phenyl)methanide ligand is isolable, due to the absence of imine ɑ-protons and steric protection of enamine carbon. Crystallographic analysis revealed the presence of a B-O double bond close to the shortest end of the reported lengths.

Lipophilic N-Hydroxyimide Derivatives: Design, Synthesis, and Application to Aerobic Alkane Oxidation Under Neat Conditions.

This work reports the design and synthesis of a series of 5-membered and 6-membered N-hydroxyimides flanked by lipophilic alkyl groups adjacent to carbonyl groups, aiming to endow lipophilicity and tolerance toward ring opening degradation. Their solubility in cyclohexane was 5-20 times higher than those of unsubstituted N-hydroxyphthalimide (NHPI) and even 3-10 times higher than a formerly known lipophilic NHPI analog bearing a long alkyl ester. UV-Vis spectroscopy determined the rate constants of first-order decay of N-oxyls, which revealed enhanced stability of 3,5-di-tert-butyl-NHPI and N-hydroxyglutarimide flanked by spiro-cyclohexanes compared with that of NHPI.

Sustainable pest control inspired by prey-predator ultrasound interactions.

Nocturnal moths evolved ultrasound-triggered escape maneuvers for avoiding predatory bats emitting ultrasonic echolocation calls. Using ultrasound for pest control is not a novel concept, but the technique has not been systemized because of the moths' habituation to sounds and the narrow directionality of conventional ultrasound speakers. Here, we report the use of pulsed ultrasonic white noise, which contributes to achieving ecologically concordant plant protection.

Rhodium-Catalyzed Acrylate Synthesis from Carbon Dioxide and Ethylene by using a Guanidine-Based Pincer Ligand: Perturbing Occupied d-Orbitals by pπ-dπ Repulsion Makes a Difference.

Rhodium-catalyzed acrylate synthesis from CO and ethylene was accomplished by using a guanidine-based NCN pincer ligand. The repulsion between pπ-electron of guanidine sidearms and occupied dπ orbital of rhodium center raised the level of d-electrons close to those of formerly known d -ruthenium catalyst, thereby promoting the metallalactone formation from carbon dioxide and ethylene. This work fills the absence of group-9 metal based catalyst for the acrylate synthesis and provides a designing approach for pincer-ligated d -metal catalysts to utilize pπ-dπ interaction for promoting desirable redox processes.

A meta-Selective C-H Alumination of Mono-Substituted Benzene by Using An Alkyl-Substituted Al Anion through Hydride-Eliminating S Ar Reaction.

Reaction of an Al-centered anion with toluene proceeded to form C-H cleaved product with a perfect meta-selectivity and a relatively small kinetic isotope effect (KIE, k /k =1.51). DFT calculations suggested a two-step reaction mechanism and electronically controlled meta-selectivity arising from the electron-donating methyl group.

Cycloaddition of Dialkylalumanyl Anion toward Unsaturated Hydrocarbons in (1+2) and (1+4) Modes.

The reactivity of dialkylalumanyl anion (1) towards naphthalene, anthracene, diphenylacetylene, and (E)/(Z)-stilbenes was investigated. The compound 1 reacts with naphthalene and anthracene through (1+4) cyclization, giving Al-containing norbornadiene derivatives. In the reaction of 1 with diphenylacetylene and (E)/(Z)-stilbenes, (1+2) cyclization proceeded to form Al-C-C three-membered rings.

The Nuclear Protein HOXB13 Enhances Methylmercury Toxicity by Inducing Oncostatin M and Promoting Its Binding to TNFR3 in Cultured Cells.

Homeobox protein B13 (HOXB13), a transcription factor, is related to methylmercury toxicity; however, the downstream factors involved in enhancing methylmercury toxicity remain unknown. We performed microarray analysis to search for downstream factors whose expression is induced by methylmercury via HOXB13 in human embryonic kidney cells (HEK293), which are useful model cells for analyzing molecular mechanisms. Methylmercury induced the expression of oncostatin M (OSM), a cytokine of the interleukin-6 family, and this was markedly suppressed by HOXB13 knockdown.

A Polling-Based Transmission Scheme Using a Network Traffic Uniformity Metric for Industrial IoT Applications.

The Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) applications are required to provide precise measurement functions as feedback for controlling devices. The applications traditionally use polling-based communication protocols. However, in polling-based communication over current industrial wireless network protocols such as ISA100.

Shorter Relapse-Free Period after Leukocyte Removal Therapy in Younger than Older Patients with Ulcerative Colitis.

Background: Leukocyte removal therapy (LRT) is an effective treatment for active ulcerative colitis (UC). The present study was performed to evaluate the relapse-free period after LRT and identify risk factors for relapse.

Methods: In total, 94 patients who underwent first-time LRT for remission of moderate to severe UC from April 2004 to March 2016 were enrolled in the present study.

A crystalline monosubstituted carbene.

By flanking a carbene carbon with two substituents, it is possible to synthesize persistent triplet carbenes and isolable singlet carbenes. Isolable singlet carbenes are among the most powerful tools in chemistry, and they have even found medicinal and materials science applications. Between the rich chemistry of disubstituted carbenes and the transient parent carbene are the monosubstituted carbenes that, so far, have only been observed in matrices at very low temperatures of just a few K.

Smoking and Drinking Did Not Increase the Failure of Therapeutic Helicobacter pylori Eradication by Vonoprazan, Clarithromycin, and Amoxicillin.

Aims: The influence of lifestyle-related factors, including smoking and drinking, was evaluated for Helicobacter pylori eradication therapy with vonoprazan or proton pump inhibitors (PPIs).

Methods: Between 2012 and 2016, the medical records of 620 patients receiving H. pylori eradication therapy at Saiseikai Karatsu Hospital were evaluated.

Early erratic flight response of the lucerne moth to the quiet echolocation calls of distant bats.

Nocturnal insects have evolved ultrasound-sensitive hearing in response to predation pressures from echolocating insectivorous bats. Flying tympanate moths take various evasive actions when they detect bat cries, including turning away, performing a steering/zigzagging flight and ceasing flight. In general, infrequent ultrasonic pulses with low sound intensities that are emitted by distant bats evoke slight turns, whereas frequent and loud ultrasonic pulses of nearby bats evoke erratic or rapid unpredictable changes in the flight path of a moth.

Palladium/IzQO-Catalyzed Coordination-Insertion Copolymerization of Ethylene and 1,1-Disubstituted Ethylenes Bearing a Polar Functional Group.

Coordination-insertion copolymerization of ethylene with 1,1-disubstituted ethylenes bearing a polar functional group, such as methyl methacrylate (MMA), is a long-standing challenge in catalytic polymerization. The major obstacle for this process is the huge difference in reactivity of ethylene versus 1,1-disubstituted ethylenes toward both coordination and insertion. Herein we report the copolymerization of ethylene and 1,1-disubstituted ethylenes by using an imidazo[1,5-a]quinolin-9-olate-1-ylidene-supported palladium catalyst.

Copolymerization of Ethylene and Polar Monomers by Using Ni/IzQO Catalysts.

The replacement of precious metals in catalysis by earth-abundant metals is currently one of the urgent challenges for chemists. Whereas palladium-catalyzed copolymerization of ethylene and polar monomers is a valuable method for the straightforward synthesis of functionalized polyolefins, the corresponding nickel-based catalysts have suffered from poor thermal tolerance and low molecular weight of the polymers formed. Herein, we report a series of neutral nickel complexes bearing imidazo[1,5-a]quinolin-9-olate-1-ylidene (IzQO) ligands.

High duty cycle pulses suppress orientation flights of crambid moths.

Bat-and-moth is a good model system for understanding predator-prey interactions resulting from interspecific coevolution. Night-flying insects have been under predation pressure from echolocating bats for 65Myr, pressuring vulnerable moths to evolve ultrasound detection and evasive maneuvers as counter tactics. Past studies of defensive behaviors against attacking bats have been biased toward noctuoid moth responses to short duration pulses of low-duty-cycle (LDC) bat calls.

Sticky Traps Baited with Synthetic Aggregation Pheromone Predict Fruit Orchard Infestations of Plautia stali (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae).

The brown-winged green bug, Plautia stali Scott, mainly reproduces on Japanese cedar or cypress cones in Japanese plantation forests during summer and autumn. It often depletes its food sources in forest habitats and moves to cultivated crops in large numbers. To establish an easy method for assessing the risk of fruit orchard infestation by P.

Alkenyl sex pheromone analogs in the hemolymph of an arctiid Eilema japonica and several non-arctiid moths.

The majority of moth species utilize compounds derived from de novo synthesized fatty acids as their sex pheromones (type I). In contrast, species belonging to two recently diverged moth families, Arctiidae and Geometridae, utilize alkenes and their epoxides, which are derived from dietary essential fatty acids (EFAs), as their sex pheromones (type II). In the latter species, EFAs are considered to be converted into alkenes, often after chain elongation, in specialized cells called oenocytes.

Copolymerization of Propylene and Polar Monomers Using Pd/IzQO Catalysts.

Palladium catalysts bearing imidazo[1,5-a]quinolin-9-olate-1-ylidene (IzQO) ligands polymerize α-olefins while incorporating polar monomers. The steric environment provided by N-heterocyclic-carbene (NHC) enables regioselective insertion of α-olefins and polar monomers, yielding polypropylene, propylene/allyl carboxylate copolymers, and propylene/methyl acrylate copolymer. Known polymerization catalysts bearing NHC-based ligands decompose rapidly, whereas the present catalyst is durable because of structural confinement, wherein the NHC-plane is coplanar to the metal square plane.