A chemogenetic screen reveals that Trpv1-expressing neurons control regulatory T cells in the gut.

Neuroimmune cross-talk participates in intestinal tissue homeostasis and host defense. However, the matrix of interactions between arrays of molecularly defined neuron subsets and of immunocyte lineages remains unclear. We used a chemogenetic approach to activate eight distinct neuronal subsets, assessing effects by deep immunophenotyping, microbiome profiling, and immunocyte transcriptomics in intestinal organs.

Influence of one-step professional mechanical tooth cleaning pastes on surface roughness and morphological features of tooth substrates and restoratives.

Purpose: This study investigated the influence of professional mechanical tooth cleaning (PMTC) pastes on the surface texture of different subject materials.

Methods: Two one-step PMTC pastes, Clinpro Cleaning Paste for PMTC (CP) and PRG Pro-Care Gel (PG), and multiple-step PMTC pastes, Merssage Regular (MR), Merssagge Fine (MF), and Merssage Plus (MP), were used. For comparison, PMTC was performed using distilled water without paste (DW).

Ultrasonic measurement of the effects of light irradiation and presence of water on the polymerization of self-adhesive resin cement.

Self-adhesive resin cements are useful in restorations because they reduce the number of clinical steps involved in the restoration process. This study evaluated, using ultrasonic measurements, the influence of light irradiation and the presence of water on the polymerization behavior and elastic modulus of a self-adhesive resin cement. A self-adhesive resin cement (RelyX Unicem 2 Automix) or a resin cement (RelyX ARC) was inserted into a transparent mold on a sample stage, and the presence of water and effect of light-irradiation were evaluated.

Ultrasonic assessment of the effects of self-assembling peptide scaffolds on preventing enamel demineralization.

Objectives: This study evaluates the effect of self-assembling peptide P11-4 (Curodont Repair, CDR) on bovine enamel remineralization by measuring changes in ultrasonic propagation velocity.

Methods: Six specimens per group were prepared by sectioning bovine teeth into enamel blocks. These blocks were then immersed in lactic acid buffer solution (pH = 4.

Evaluation of a calcium phosphate desensitizer using an ultrasonic device.

This study evaluated the effect of a calcium phosphate desensitizer on the demineralization of bovine dentin by measuring changes in transmitted ultrasonic velocity. Bovine dentin specimens with and without application of desensitizer were immersed in 0.1 M lactic-acid buffer solution (pH 4.

Ultrasonic investigation of the effect of S-PRG filler-containing coating material on bovine tooth demineralization.

This study investigated the effect of a coating material containing S-PRG fillers on the demineralization of bovine enamel and dentin, by measuring changes in the transmitted ultrasonic velocity. Bovine enamel and dentin specimens with and without coating (n=6 for each condition) were cut into blocks, immersed in 0.1 M lactic-acid buffer solution (pH 4.

Changes in elastic modulus of adhesive and adhesive-infiltrated dentin during storage in water.

The purpose of this study was to determine the elastic modulus of components at the resin-dentin interface with the use of an ultrasound device. Dentin slabs were obtained from freshly extracted bovine incisors shaped into a rectangular form. After demineralization, the dentin specimens were immersed in adhesives and polymerized.

Change in elastic modulus of bovine dentine with exposure to a calcium hydroxide paste.

Objective: To determine the effect of calcium hydroxide [Ca(OH)(2)] paste exposure on the elastic modulus of bovine dentine.

Methods: Dentine sections (4 mm x 4 mm x 1 mm) were obtained from freshly extracted bovine incisors and placed in dishes containing a 1-mm deep layer of Ca(OH)(2) paste or physiological saline as a control. An ultrasonic device was used to measure the sonic velocities of the longitudinal and shear waves, and the elastic modulus was calculated.

Setting behaviour of luting cements monitored by an ultrasonic method.

The purpose of this study was to monitor the setting behaviour and elastic modulus of luting cements using an ultrasonic device. The ultrasonic equipment comprised a pulser-receiver, transducers and an oscilloscope. The transit time through the cement disk was multiplied by the thickness of the specimen, and the sonic velocity within the material was then calculated.

Ultrasonic monitoring of the setting of glass-ionomer luting cements.

This study used ultrasonic measurements to monitor the setting behaviour, and changes in the elastic modulus, of glass-ionomer cements. The ultrasonic equipment comprised a pulser-receiver, transducers, and an oscilloscope. The two-way transit time through the mixing cement disk was divided by two, in order to account for the down-and-back travel path, and then multiplied by the sonic velocity within the material.

Microtensile bond strengths of single-step self-etch adhesive systems to bovine dentin.

The purpose of this study was to examine the microtensile bond strength of a single-step self-etch adhesive system (Clearfil tri-S Bond and One-Up Bond F Plus) to bovine dentin. Adhesive was applied to a flat dentin surface, and resin composite was bonded according to the manufacturers' instructions. After 24 h storage in distilled water at 37 degrees C, hourglass-shaped specimens were produced.