A Case of Thoracic Aortic Endovascular Repair of a Ruptured Mycotic Aortic Aneurysm Due to Pasteurella Multocida.

An 81-year-old man was admitted for general fatigue of one month's duration. Two sets of blood cultures revealed bacteremia, due to Pasteurella multocida, while computed tomography (CT) revealed a 47-mm descending aortic saccular aneurysm. After transfer to our hospital, the saccular aneurysm rapidly grew to 54 mm.

Bicuspidalization of the Native Tricuspid Aortic Valve: A Porcine in Vivo Model of Bicuspid Aortopathy.

: To examine early histologic changes in the aorta exposed to bicuspid flow. : A porcine bicuspid aortopathy model was developed by suturing aortic cusps. Of nine pigs, eight underwent sham surgery (n=3) or bicuspidalization (n=5); one was used as an intact control.

Cardiac Arrest in a 33-year-old Marathon Runner with Anomalous Right Coronary Artery Originating from the Pulmonary Artery.

A 33-year-old marathon runner presented with anomalous right coronary artery originating from the pulmonary artery after being admitted for cardiac arrest. Surgical re-implantation of the right coronary artery to the aortic root to re-establish right coronary ostial circulation was successful. The patient resumed exercise and required no further medical therapy.

Effects of Obesity on Outcomes of Acute Type A Aortic Dissection Repair in Japan.

The prevalence of obesity among Japanese acute type A aortic dissection (ATAAD) patients and its effect on repair outcomes remain to be elucidated. The prevalence of obesity (body mass index [BMI] ≥30.0 kg/m) among 1,059 patients (mean [±SD] age 64.

Common carotid artery true lumen flow impairment in patients with type A aortic dissection.

Objectives: Our aim was to evaluate clinical and neurological effects of common carotid artery (CCA) true lumen flow impairment or occlusion in patients with type A aortic dissection.

Methods: Characteristics and imaging data of patients with dissected CCA secondary to acute type A aortic dissection from 3 institutions were analysed. We defined true lumen blood flow as unimpaired when the maximum true lumen diameter exceeded 50% of the complete CCA diameter, as impaired when the true lumen was compressed to ˃50% of the complete lumen, or as occluded.

Utility of double arterial cannulation for surgical repair of acute type A dissection.

Objectives: Outcomes of planned and unplanned (rescue) double arterial cannulation (DAC) in surgery for acute type A aortic dissection were investigated retrospectively.

Methods: The study involved 805 patients who were divided into 4 groups according to the cannulation strategy: single cannulation of the femoral artery (n = 338), axillary artery (n = 256), left ventricular apex (n = 52) or ascending aorta (n = 5) (total, n = 57), and DAC (n = 154). Patients who underwent DAC were divided between planned (n = 132) and rescue (n = 22) usage.

Preoperative neurological deficit in acute type A aortic dissection.

Objectives: Our goal was to evaluate postoperative outcomes in patients with type A aortic dissection with preoperative neurological deficits independent of shock.

Methods: Between 2002 and 2017, 150 of 1600 patients, operated on for aortic dissection type A in 3 centres, presented with preoperative new onset neurological deficits. Postoperative outcomes were classified using a modified Rankin Scale (mRS) as 'no to moderate disability' (mRS 0-3) or as 'poor clinical outcome' (mRS 4-6).

Redo Descending Aortic Replacement via Direct Anastomosis to J Graft Open Stent Graft.

A 64-year-old man with prior history of total arch replacement with frozen elephant trunk was admitted for an enlarging descending thoracic aortic aneurysm. Preoperative computed tomography revealed previously implanted J graft open stent graft, a frozen elephant trunk device approved in Japan, with enlarged dissected aortic aneurysm from distal anastomosis site to the level of the diaphragm. The patient underwent descending aortic replacement.

A Successful Treatment Strategy for Paradoxical Cerebral Embolism Accompanied by Entrapped Thrombus in Patent Foramen Ovale.

A 73-year-old man was transferred to our hospital with dyspnea and left hemiplegia. The diagnosis of pulmonary embolism, entrapped thrombus in patent foramen ovale (PFO), and internal carotid artery occlusion was made by imaging studies. We decided to perform endovascular treatment without the administration of tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) for cerebral embolism because of concern about further embolism caused by fragmented thrombi.

Outcomes of Early-Onset Acute Type A Aortic Dissection - Influence of Etiologic Factors.

Background: Outcomes of early-onset acute type A aortic dissection (ATAAD) associated with Marfan syndrome (MFS) are known, but not with other etiologies.

Methods and results: ATAAD patients from 2 centers (n=1,001) were divided into 2 groups: age ≤45 years (n=93) and age >45 years (n=908). Although in-hospital death and 10-year survival were similar (12% vs.

Characteristics and Treatment Outcomes of Acute Type A Aortic Dissection With Elevated D-Dimer Concentration.

Background: Clinical characteristics and treatment outcomes of acute type A aortic dissection with D-dimer elevation have not been clarified.

Methods And Results: D-dimer was measured preoperatively within 24 hours of symptom onset in 262 patients with acute type A aortic dissection. The median (and interquartile range) admission D-dimer concentration in our total patient group was 26.

Acute type a aortic dissection associated with a sporting activity.

Purpose: To investigate the clinical characteristics of acute type A aortic dissection (ATAAD) occurring during a sporting activity.

Methods: The subjects of this study were 615 patients who underwent surgery for ATAAD between 1990 and 2015. The patients were divided into two groups according to whether the ATAAD was associated with a sporting activity (sports group: n = 25, mean age 62.

Orthotopic tracheal transplantation using human bronchus: an original xenotransplant model of obliterative airway disorder.

Bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS) is a main cause of allograft dysfunction and mortality after lung transplantation (LTx). A better understanding of BOS pathogenesis is needed to overcome this treatment-refractory complication. Orthotopic tracheal transplantation using human bronchus was performed in Brown Norway (BN) and nude (RNU) rats.

Lifesaving Treatment of Acute Stanford B Aortic Dissection Complicated by Intestinal Ischemia with Stent Placement in the Superior Mesenteric Artery: A Case Report.

A 44-year-old man was transported to our hospital with chief complaints of back pain and paralysis of the leg. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) imaging revealed an acute Stanford B aortic dissection (AD), which was complicated by acute arterial occlusion of the left external iliac artery. The patient was treated by femorofemoral crossover bypass.

Is right axillary artery cannulation safe in type A aortic dissection with involvement of the innominate artery?

Objective: In patients with acute type A aortic dissection involving the innominate artery, it is unclear whether right axillary artery cannulation for arterial inflow is safe. We evaluated the surgical outcomes of patients with dissected innominate artery according to different arterial cannulation sites.

Methods: From 2005 to 2014, of 416 patients with acute type A aortic dissection and preoperative computed tomography angiography in 2 centers, 186 (aged 63 ± 13 years; 43% were female; 95% with DeBakey type I) had dissected innominate artery (84%, 9%, and 7% involving its entire length or more or less than half of its length, respectively).

miR-21 promotes fibrosis in an acute cardiac allograft transplantation model.

Aims: Cardiac transplantation is the only curative therapy for end-stage heart failure. Fibrosis is one of the major causes for impaired function of cardiac allografts. MicroRNAs, a class of small non-coding RNAs, play a critical role in the development of cardiovascular disease, but the role of microRNAs in cardiac allograft failure is not well understood.

SCNT-derived ESCs with mismatched mitochondria trigger an immune response in allogeneic hosts.

The generation of pluripotent stem cells by somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) has recently been achieved in human cells and sparked new interest in this technology. The authors reporting this methodical breakthrough speculated that SCNT would allow the creation of patient-matched embryonic stem cells, even in patients with hereditary mitochondrial diseases. However, herein we show that mismatched mitochondria in nuclear-transfer-derived embryonic stem cells (NT-ESCs) possess alloantigenicity and are subject to immune rejection.

Dichloroacetate prevents restenosis in preclinical animal models of vessel injury.

Despite the introduction of antiproliferative drug-eluting stents, coronary heart disease remains the leading cause of death in the United States. In-stent restenosis and bypass graft failure are characterized by excessive smooth muscle cell (SMC) proliferation and concomitant myointima formation with luminal obliteration. Here we show that during the development of myointimal hyperplasia in human arteries, SMCs show hyperpolarization of their mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) and acquire a temporary state with a high proliferative rate and resistance to apoptosis.

[Two-staged hybrid surgery for an extended thoracic aortic aneurysm with Komerell's diverticulum].

We have successfully performed 2 staged hybrid operation for an extended thoracic aortic aneurysm with Komerell diverticulum, which lessened surgical stress of the patient with avoidance of postoperative complications. An 82-year-old man who had been under observation for thoracic aortic aneurysm was admitted to the hospital with continuous chest discomfort. The patient initially underwent graft replacement for an ascending and arch aneurysm by using the elephant trunk technique.