Basic Characteristics of Ionic Liquid-Gated Graphene FET Sensors for Nitrogen Cycle Monitoring in Agricultural Soil.

Nitrogen-based fertilizers are crucial in agriculture for maintaining soil health and increasing crop yields. Soil microorganisms transform nitrogen from fertilizers into NO3--N, which is absorbed by crops. However, some nitrogen is converted to nitrous oxide (NO), a greenhouse gas with a warming potential about 300-times greater than carbon dioxide (CO).

Process Development of a Liquid-Gated Graphene Field-Effect Transistor Gas Sensor for Applications in Smart Agriculture.

A compact, multi-channel ionic liquid-gated graphene field-effect transistor (FET) has been proposed and developed in our work for on-field continuous monitoring of nitrate nitrogen and other nitrogen fertilizers to achieve sustainable and efficient farming practices in agriculture. However, fabricating graphene FETs with easy filling of ionic liquids, minimal graphene defects, and high process yields remains challenging, given the sensitivity of these devices to processing conditions and environmental factors. In this work, two approaches for the fabrication of our graphene FETs were presented, evaluated, and compared for high yields and easy filling of ionic liquids.

Studies of the texture, functional components and in vitro starch digestibility of rolled barley.

This study aimed to describe the effects of the cooking condition, including water ratio (WR) and soaking time (ST), on the texture of rolled barley, and to evaluate its β-glucan content, total phenol content and in vitro starch digestibility. Rolled barley (75 g) was soaked in 1.5×, 2.