Two common issues in synchronized multimodal recordings with EEG: Jitter and latency.

Multimodal recording using electroencephalogram (EEG) and other biological signals (e.g., muscle activities, eye movement, pupil diameters, or body kinematics data) is ubiquitous in human neuroscience research.

Compensatory gait mechanics in person with multiple toe amputation: A single case report.

This case highlights the biomechanical influence of toe amputation on contralateral limb force elevation, possibly through reduced ipsilateral plantar flexor torque production. These findings provide insight into toe amputation-related compensatory gait mechanics with greater inter-limb asymmetry, which may increase the risk of musculoskeletal comorbidities, including osteoarthritis in contralateral limb.

Between-Tactor Display Using Dynamic Tactile Stimuli for Directional Cueing in Vibrating Environments.

Torso-worn vibrotactile devices have been used in many studies on directional cueing and navigation in environments where visual feedback is limited. These devices aim to indicate directions with high resolution while using the smallest possible number of vibration motors (tactors). Resolution can be increased using between-tactor displays, but their performance in vibrating environments (e.

Antagonistic interactions between odorants alter human odor perception.

The olfactory system uses hundreds of odorant receptors (ORs), the largest group of the G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) superfamily, to detect a vast array of odorants. Each OR is activated by specific odorous ligands, and like other GPCRs, antagonism can block activation of ORs. Recent studies suggest that odorant antagonisms in mixtures influence olfactory neuron activities, but it is unclear how this affects perception of odor mixtures.

Hemoglobin in the blood acts as a chemosensory signal via the mouse vomeronasal system.

The vomeronasal system plays an essential role in sensing various environmental chemical cues. Here we show that mice exposed to blood and, consequently, hemoglobin results in the activation of vomeronasal sensory neurons expressing a specific vomeronasal G protein-coupled receptor, Vmn2r88, which is mediated by the interaction site, Gly17, on hemoglobin. The hemoglobin signal reaches the medial amygdala (MeA) in both male and female mice.

Gait analysis of patients with distal radius fracture by using a novel laser Timed Up-and-Go system.

Background: Postmenopausal women are at risk of fall and fracture with the physical decline. Distal radius fracture (DRF) is considered as the primary fragility fracture, and women with this fracture showed poor results in the usual Timed Up-and-Go (TUG) test, indicating a decline in balance and physical ability. The detailed physical characteristics of female DRF patients have not been extensively examined.

Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation Improves Stair Climbing Capacity in People with Knee Osteoarthritis.

This study aimed to examine the effect of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) on stair climbing capacity in individuals with pre-radiographic to mild knee osteoarthritis (OA). This is a secondary analysis of data from a single, participant-blinded, randomized controlled trial with a pre-post design. Participants with pre-radiographic to mild knee OA (mean age, 59.

Hip abductor muscle weakness and slowed turning motion in people with knee osteoarthritis.

Laser range sensor-based timed up and go (laser-TUG) test can evaluate performance in TUG subtasks (sit-to-walk [STW], walking a short distance, and turning). This study aimed to test the hypothesis that weaker hip abductor muscle strength is more significantly associated with slowed turning speed than with the other TUG subtasks (STW and straight walking) after controlling for quadriceps muscle strength in patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA). Community-dwelling participants with knee OA (Kellgren and Lawrence [K&L] grade ≥ 1; mean age, 68.

Detailed analysis of the transverse arch of hallux valgus feet with and without pain using weightbearing ultrasound imaging and precise force sensors.

Background: Hallux valgus is the most common forefoot deformity and affects the transverse arch structure and its force loading patterns. This study aims to clarify the differences in the transverse arch structure and the force under the metatarsal heads individually, between normal feet and hallux valgus feet, and between hallux valgus feet with pain and without pain. We further test the association between the parameters of the transverse arch and hallux valgus angle and between the parameters and pain in hallux valgus.

Estimation of Vertical Ground Reaction Force Using Low-Cost Insole With Force Plate-Free Learning From Single Leg Stance and Walking.

For the evaluation of pathological gait, a machine learning-based estimation of the vertical ground reaction force (vGRF) using a low-cost insole is proposed as an alternative to costly force plates. However, learning a model for estimation still relies on the use of force plates, which is not accessible in small clinics and individuals. Therefore, this paper presents a force plate-free learning from a single leg stance (SLS) and natural walking measured only by the insoles.

Stair climbing ability in patients with early knee osteoarthritis: Defining the clinical hallmarks of early disease.

Background: A growing clinical interest has been shown towards identifying knee osteoarthritis (OA) patients at earlier stages. The early detection of knee OA may allow for more effective interventions.

Research Question: The aim of this study was to determine the discriminative ability of a stair-climb test (SCT) in identifying patients with early knee OA, and to determine if descending stair time during the SCT is better than ascending stair time for the identification of these patients.

Insole-Based Estimation of Vertical Ground Reaction Force Using One-Step Learning With Probabilistic Regression and Data Augmentation.

An insole-based estimation of the vertical ground reaction force (vGRF) is proposed as an alternative to costly force plates for the evaluation of pathological gait. However, machine learning techniques for estimation still rely on the use of force plates. Moreover, measuring plural walking steps in order to prevent overfitting induces fall risks and physically taxes the patients.

Effects of interaction between varus thrust and ambulatory physical activity on knee pain in individuals with knee osteoarthritis: an exploratory study with 12-month follow-up.

Introduction: This study aimed to examine the interaction effect between ambulatory physical activity (PA) and varus thrust on knee pain in individuals with knee osteoarthritis (OA).

Method: Subjects (n = 207; mean age: 73.1 years, 71.

Concurrent validity and measurement error of stair climb test in people with pre-radiographic to mild knee osteoarthritis.

Background: Stair climbing is the task first affected in patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA); therefore, the precise measurement of time required to climb stairs is important to identify mobility limitations, particularly in the early phase of knee OA.

Research Question: This study aimed to examine the test-retest reliability, measurement error, and concurrent validity of the stopwatch-based stair-climb test (SCT) in adults with pre-radiographic to mild knee OA.

Methods: Fifty-nine participants (mean age, 59.

Sexual rejection via a vomeronasal receptor-triggered limbic circuit.

Mating drive is balanced by a need to safeguard resources for offspring, yet the neural basis for negative regulation of mating remains poorly understood. In rodents, pheromones critically regulate sexual behavior. Here, we observe suppression of adult female sexual behavior in mice by exocrine gland-secreting peptide 22 (ESP22), a lacrimal protein from juvenile mice.

Identification of an Intra- and Inter-specific Tear Protein Signal in Rodents.

Rodents use the vomeronasal olfactory system to acquire both inter- and intra-specific information from the external environment and take appropriate actions. For example, urinary proteins from predator species elicit avoidance in mice, while those from male mice attract female mice. In addition to urinary proteins, recent studies have highlighted the importance of lacrimal proteins for intra-specific communications in mice.

Proton conduction in alkali metal ion-exchanged porous ionic crystals.

Proton conduction in alkali metal ion-exchanged porous ionic crystals A[CrO(OOCH)(etpy)][α-SiWO]·nHO [I-A] (A = Li, Na, K, Cs, etpy = 4-ethylpyridine) is investigated. Single crystal and powder X-ray diffraction measurements show that I-A possesses analogous one-dimensional channels where alkali metal ions (A) and water of crystallization exist. Impedance spectroscopy and water diffusion measurements of I-A show that proton conductivities are low (10-10 S cm) under low relative humidity (RH), and protons mostly migrate as HO with HO as vehicles (vehicle mechanism).

[Factors influencing intraocular pressure elevation on the first postoperative day following small-incision cataract surgery--the effect of apraclonidine].

Purpose: To investigate the effects of apraclonidine on intraocular pressure elevation after cataract surgery and the factors associated with elevated intraocular pressure.

Methods: A group of patients (apraclonidine group) was administered a drop of apraclonidine before and one drop after surgery, and the difference between the intraocular pressure in the apraclonidine group and the non-use group was investigated postoperatively. On the first postoperative day, multivariate analysis was performed using intraocular pressure as the objective value and other variable factors involved in the surgery as the explanatory variables.