Induction of 2-cyanoethyl-isoxazolin-5-one as an antifeedant against the tobacco cutworm () by jasmonic acid in sweet pea leaf.

Although sweet pea () beans contain toxic β-aminopropionitrile, the plant itself is readily attacked by insects and is, therefore, protected through the use of pesticides. Consequently, the induction of resistance to insect attack via exogenous treatment is promising for pest control development. Screening of inducible elicitor effects showed that treatment of sweet pea foliage with jasmonic acid (JA) can induce antifeeding-based resistance to tobacco cutworm () larvae.

Effect of food thickener and jelly wafer on the pharmacokinetics of levofloxacin orally disintegrating tablets.

This study was designed to determine the effects of a food thickener and deglutition aid jelly for oral administration, jelly wafer, on the pharmacokinetics of levofloxacin orally disintegrating tablets. With an increase in immersion time, the disintegration time of levofloxacin orally disintegrating tablets immersed in food thickener was prolonged, whereas that of the tablets immersed in jelly wafer was shortened. The dissolution behavior of non-immersed levofloxacin orally disintegrating tablets was not similar to that of tablets immersed in food thickener, but was similar to that of tablets immersed in jelly wafer.

Lethal male combats in Schizotetranychus brevisetosus (Acari: Tetranychidae) on blue Japanese oak (Quercus glauca).

Male spider mites (Acari: Tetranychidae) guard preimaginal quiescent females to reserve paternity. In a few species of Stigmaeopsis that make densely woven silky nests on the surface of host plants, mature males attack and even kill rivals to gain their rights to inseminate young females in the nest. Here we report that the adult males of Schizotetranychus brevisetosus (Acari: Tetranychidae), whose web nest construction behavior evolved independently from Stigmaeopsis spp.

Reproductive isolation between Stigmaeopsis celarius and its sibling species sympatrically inhabiting bamboo (Pleioblastus spp.) plants.

Stigmaeopsis celarius Banks (hereafter Sc) is a spider mite living and feeding on the leaves of various bamboo species such as Moso bamboo [Phyllostachys edulis (=P. pubescens)] and Pleioblastus spp. (Poaceae).

Relationship between body colour, feeding, and reproductive arrest under short-day development in Tetranychus pueraricola (Acari: Tetranychidae).

In Tetranychus spider mites (Acari: Tetranychidae), diapausing females have a conspicuous orange body colour, which is used as an indicator of diapause induction in many laboratory studies. However, to which extent body colour reflects reproductive activity is scarcely investigated. In this study, we investigated the relationship between body colour, reproductive arrest, and food intake in the inbred strain of T.

Host suitability of house fly, Musca domestica (Diptera: Muscidae), pupae killed by high or low temperature treatment for a parastoid, Spalangia endius (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae).

The objective of this study was to establish a high quality progeny production system for the house fly parasitoid, Spalangia endius (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae), by stockpiling hosts. We performed two host killing methods before host storage: (i) heat-killed by 30 min exposure to 50°C or (ii) freeze-killed by 10 min exposure to -80°C. The average number of parasitoids that emerged from nonstored house fly pupae after heat- or freeze-killing was not significantly different from live pupae.

Analysis of genetic variation and phylogeny of the predatory bug, Pilophorus typicus, in Japan using mitochondrial gene sequences.

Pilophorus typicus (Distant) (Heteroptera: Miridae) is a predatory bug occurring in East, Southeast, and South Asia. Because the active stages of P. typicus prey on various agricultural pest insects and mites, this species is a candidate insect as an indigenous natural enemy for use in biological control programs.

Specific accumulation of gamma- and delta-tocotrienols in tumor and their antitumor effect in vivo.

In contrast to extensive studies on tocopherols, very little is understood about tocotrienols (T3). We evaluated the antitumor activities of gamma-T3 and delta-T3 in murine hepatoma MH134 cells in vitro and in vivo. We found that delta-T3 inhibited the growth of MH134 cells more strongly than gamma-T3 by inducing apoptosis.