Regional cerebral oxygen saturation variability and brain injury in preterm infants.

Objective: To examine whether variation of regional cerebral oxygen saturation (rScO) within three days after delivery predicts development of brain injury (intraventricular/cerebellar hemorrhage or white matter injury) in preterm infants.

Study Design: A prospective study of neonates <32 weeks gestational age with normal cranial ultrasound admitted between 2018 and 2022. All received rScO monitoring with near-infrared spectroscopy at admission up to 72 h of life.

Prediction of mortality in patients with secondary pulmonary embolism based on primary admission indication: A short communication.

We evaluated the prediction of mortality in patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) who subsequently developed a pulmonary embolism (PE) (i.e., secondary PE) using three PE-specific scores, the Pulmonary Embolism Severity Index (PESI), simplified PESI (sPESI), and modified sPESI (ICU-sPESI) and compared them to the gold standard for the assessment of ICU all-cause mortality, the Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation-IV (APACHE-IV).

Validity of mortality risk prediction scores in critically ill patients with secondary pulmonary embolism.

Pulmonary embolism (PE) is a feared complication in the ICU, significantly impacting morbidity and mortality of the patients affected. Herein, we assess the use of the Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation-IV (APACHE-IV) and PE-specific risk scores to predict mortality among intensive care unit (ICU) patients who developed secondary PE. This retrospective cohort study used information from 208 United States critical care units recorded in the eICU Collaborative Research Database during 2014 and 2015.

The cathepsin-S/protease-activated receptor-(PAR)-2 axis drives chronic allograft vasculopathy and is a molecular target for therapeutic intervention.

Background: Cathepsin S (CatS) and proteinase-activated receptor (PAR)-2 are involved in the remodelling of vascular walls and neointima formation as well as in alloantigen presentation and T-cell priming. Therefore, we hypothesized that CatS/PAR-2 inhibition/deficiency would attenuate chronic allograft vasculopathy.

Methods: Heterotopic aortic murine transplantation was performed from C57BL/6J donors to C57BL/6J recipients (syngeneic control group), Balb/c to C57BL/6J without treatment (allogenic control group), Balb/c to C57BL/6J with twice daily oral CatS inhibitor (allogenic treatment group) and Balb/c to Par2-/- C57BL/6J (allogenic knockout group).

Effect of Sirolimus vs. Everolimus on CMV-Infections after Kidney Transplantation-A Network Meta-Analysis.

(1) Background: Following renal transplantation, infection with cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a common and feared complication. mTOR-inhibitor (mTOR-I) treatment, either alone or in combination with calcineurininhibitors (CNIs), significantly reduces the CMV incidence after organ transplantation. As of now, there is no information on which mTOR-I, sirolimus (SIR) or everolimus (ERL), has a stronger anti-CMV effect.

Health status of free-ranging ring-necked pheasant chicks (Phasianus colchicus) in North-Western Germany.

Being a typical ground-breeding bird of the agricultural landscape in Germany, the pheasant has experienced a strong and persistent population decline with a hitherto unexplained cause. Contributing factors to the ongoing negative trend, such as the effects of pesticides, diseases, predation, increase in traffic and reduced fallow periods, are currently being controversially discussed. In the present study, 62 free-ranging pheasant chicks were caught within a two-year period in three federal states of Germany; Lower Saxony, North Rhine-Westphalia and Schleswig-Holstein.

Infections after kidney transplantation: A comparison of mTOR-Is and CNIs as basic immunosuppressants. A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Side effects of the immunosuppressive therapy after solid organ transplantation are well known. Recently, significant benefits were shown for mTOR-Is with respect to certain viral infections in comparison with CNIs. However, reported total incidences of infections under mTOR-Is vs CNIs are usually not different.

Murine Cervical Aortic Transplantation Model using a Modified Non-Suture Cuff Technique.

With the introduction of powerful immunosuppressive protocols, distinct advances are possible in the prevention and therapy of acute rejection episodes. However, only minor improvement in the long-term results of transplanted solid organs could be observed over the past decades. In this context, chronic allograft vasculopathy (CAV) still represents the leading cause of late organ failure in cardiac, renal and pulmonary transplantation.

Diagnostic methods for identifying different Aeromonas species and examining their pathogenicity factors, their correlation to cytotoxicity and adherence to fish mucus.

Aeromonas spp. are ubiquitous in the aquatic environment, acting as facultative or obligate pathogens for fish. Identifying Aeromonas spp.

Draft Genome Sequence of Riemerella anatipestifer Isolate 17CS0503.

is a Gram-negative bacterium belonging to the family It is primarily associated with acute septicemia in younger birds. The isolate 17CS0503 described here was isolated from a Peking duck () in Hannover, Germany, in 1999.

Methods for identification and differentiation of different Shewanella spp. isolates for diagnostic use.

Shewanella spp. are Gram-negative, rod-shaped, motile bacteria that are widely distributed in marine and freshwater environments. The bacteria are present in the physiological microflora of fish from temperate waters and are known as fish spoilage species.

Comparison of pathogenic and non-pathogenic Enterococcus cecorum strains from different animal species.

Background: Enterococcus cecorum (EC) infection currently is one of the most important bacterial diseases of modern broiler chickens but can also affect ducks or other avian species. However, little is known concerning pathogenesis of EC and most studies concentrate on examinations of EC strains from broilers only. The objective of this study was to compare pathogenic and commensal EC strains from different animal species concerning different phenotypic and genotypic traits.

Mycoplasma gallisepticum modifies the pathogenesis of influenza A virus in the avian tracheal epithelium.

Multiple respiratory infections have a significant impact on health and economy. Pathogenesis of co-infecting viruses and bacteria and their interaction with mucosal surfaces are poorly characterized. In this study we established a co-infection model based on pre-incubation of tracheal organ cultures (TOC) with Mycoplasma (M.

Fatty acid composition of Yersinia ruckeri isolates from aquaculture ponds in northwestern Germany.

Enteric Redmouth Disease (ERM), caused by Yersinia (Y.) ruckeri is one of the most important diseases in salmonid aquaculture. Outbreaks of ERM were controlled by vaccines directed against motile strains of the bacterium, until recently nonmotile vaccine-resistant strains evolved and caused severe outbreaks.

Epidemiological investigations on the role of clinically healthy racing pigeons as a reservoir for avian paramyxovirus-1 and avian influenza virus.

Clinically healthy racing pigeons may harbour notifiable pathogens and serve as an unnoticed reservoir. Thus, 3480 healthy racing pigeons from 172 different lofts were monitored over a period of 2 years for the presence of avian influenza virus (AIV) and avian paramyxovirus-1 (APMV-1). Pharyngeal and cloacal swabs as well as blood samples were collected from juvenile and adult pigeons.

Ultraviolet radiation and nanoparticle induced intracellular free radicals generation measured in human keratinocytes by electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy.

Background: Several nanoparticle-based formulations used in cosmetics and dermatology are exposed to sunlight once applied to the skin. Therefore, it is important to study possible synergistic effects of nanoparticles and ultraviolet radiation.

Methods: Electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy (EPR) was used to detect intracellular free radicals induced by ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation and amorphous silica nanoparticle and to evaluate the influence of nanoparticle surface chemistry on particle cytotoxicity toward HaCaT cells.

Epidemiological investigations on the possible risk of distribution of zoonotic bacteria through apparently healthy homing pigeons.

Clinically healthy homing pigeons may serve as an unnoticed reservoir for zoonotic bacteria. Hence, healthy pigeons from 172 different racing pigeon lofts were examined for Salmonella serovars, Campylobacter spp. and Chlamydophila (Chlamydia) psittaci.

Evaluation of different diagnostic tools for the detection and identification of Riemerella anatipestifer.

Riemerella anatipestifer (RA) is an important avian pathogen with considerable impact on poultry production worldwide. However, the diagnosis of RA infections may be difficult, mainly due to problems with unequivocal differentiation of RA from other Flavobacteriaceae and a lack of standardized methods and reagents. The aim of the present study was therefore to complement the routine diagnostic strategies for RA by design and evaluation of alternative diagnostic tools.

[Relevance and diagnostics of selected bacterial pathogens of poultry].

This paper provides an overview of diseases caused by Bordetella avium, Gallibacterium anatis, Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale, Riemerella anatipestifer and Enterococcus cecorum in poultry flocks. These bacterial species are almost exclusively found in birds. Their identification with biochemical methods is described and alternative molecular biological methods are discussed.

Description of Riemerella columbipharyngis sp. nov., isolated from the pharynx of healthy domestic pigeons (Columba livia f. domestica), and emended descriptions of the genus Riemerella, Riemerella anatipestifer and Riemerella columbina.

A group of 11 bacterial strains was isolated during microbiological investigations of pharyngeal swabs collected from domestic pigeons (Columba livia f. domestica). Phenotypic properties of the isolates closely resembled those of members of the genus Riemerella within the family Flavobacteriaceae.

Isolation and characterization of atypical Riemerella columbina strains from pigeons and their differentiation from Riemerella anatipestifer.

Riemerella columbina (RC) and Riemerella anatipestifer (RA) belong to the genus Riemerella within the family Flavobacteriaceae. While RA is a well-described pathogen of waterfowl and other avian species, only little is known about RC. Previous work reporting the isolation of RC from internal organs of clinically diseased pigeons suggested a potential pathogenic role in this avian species.

Pathogenesis of Riemerella anatipestifer in turkeys after experimental mono-infection via respiratory routes or dual infection together with the avian metapneumovirus.

Riemerella anatipestifer (RA) is the causative agent of septicaemic and exudative diseases in a variety of bird species. Despite numerous outbreaks, little is known about the pathogenicity of RA for turkeys. We investigated the development of RA-induced disease in commercial turkey poults following RA inoculation via different respiratory routes.

[3D-X-ray microcomputer tomography and optical coherence tomography as methods for the localization of the blastoderm in the newly laid unincubated chicken egg].

The routine culling of the male offspring of hybrid layer type chickens is met with increasing public disapproval for both ethical and legal reasons. Until now practice-oriented methods for reliable sex diagnosis prior to hatch could not be developed. Molecular genetical analysis of blastodermic cells can be used for sex determination in unincubated eggs; however, knowledge of the precise localization of the germinal disc is crucial for the extraction of a carefully directed cell biopsy.

A comparison of a commercial PCR-based test to culture methods for detection of Mycoplasma gallisepticum and Mycoplasma synoviae in concurrently infected chickens.

The suitability of commercial PCR-based test kits for the detection of either Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) or M. synoviae (MS) was compared to detection by culture. The MG and MS kit detected six and five homologous strains respectively in broth cultures and there were no reactions with thirteen het-erologous species including M.