Osteochodromyxoma presenting as case of congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction.

Purpose: We report the case of a 10-month-old with nasolacrimal duct obstruction (NLDO) associated with osteochondromyxoma (OMX), a very rare bone tumor.

Observations: A 10-month-old boy presented with a 6-month history of right eye epiphora not responding to digital massage and topical steroid-antibiotics eye drops. The ophthalmic exam showed right medial canthal swelling.

Reactivation of retinopathy of prematurity six years after intravitreal injection of bevacizumab.

Although intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) therapy is effective in the management of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), reactivations following treatment are known to occur. We present the case of an asymptomatic child who developed a very late reactivation of ROP 6 years after its successful treatment with intravitreal bevacizumab. This case reemphasizes the importance of long-term follow-up after anti-VEGF therapy for ROP until retinal vascularization is complete.

Ocular Point-of-Care Ultrasound: Description of Intermediate Uveitis in an Adolescent Female.

Ocular point-of-care ultrasound has been used to assess for intraocular pathology, including retinal and vitreous detachment. We describe a pediatric patient whose initial point-of-care ultrasound examination appeared to be consistent with bilateral posterior vitreous detachment but who was ultimately diagnosed with intermediate uveitis.

Superior oblique tendon (Brown's) syndrome as the presenting finding in childhood onset HLA-B27-related enthesitis and juvenile idiopathic oligoarticular arthritis.

We report two patients who presented with Brown's syndrome. The first is a 7-year-old boy who at the time of his diagnosis was also found to have enthesitis and HLA-B27 positivity. The second patient was diagnosed with bilateral Brown's syndrome at 13 months of age.

Outcomes of strabismus surgery with or without trainee participation as surgeon.

Purpose: To compare success rates of strabismus surgery that involves trainees versus those performed solely by staff surgeons.

Design: Retrospective, comparative case series.

Subjects: Patients undergoing eye muscle surgery for primarily horizontal deviations.

Office probing for treatment of nasolacrimal duct obstruction in infants.

Purpose: To determine whether demographic or clinical factors are associated with the outcome of office-based nasolacrimal duct probing for the treatment of congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction (NLDO).

Methods: In two multicenter prospective studies, 384 eyes of 304 children aged 6 to <15 months with NLDO underwent a nasolacrimal duct probing performed in the office using topical anesthesia. Treatment success, defined as no clinical signs of NLDO (epiphora, increased tear lake, or mucous discharge) and no reoperation, was assessed 1 month after probing in one study and 6 months after probing in the other study.

Retinal Dystrophy with Intraretinal Cystoid Spaces Associated with Mutations in the Crumbs Homologue (CRB1) Gene.

Purpose: To report the occurrence of intraretinal cystoid spaces presumably due to retinal degeneration caused by CRB1 mutations, and the response to treatment with carbonic anhydrase inhibitors.

Materials: Retrospective case series.

Methods: We report four patients with retinal degeneration and intraretinal cystoid spaces due to CRB1 mutation.

Retinoschisis and hyperopia associated with partial monosomy of 6q and partial trisomy of 11q.

Background: Retinoschisis, or retinal lamellar splitting, can occur in a number of hereditary conditions. The most common cause of congenital or childhood onset retinoschisis is the clinical entity known as juvenile retinoschsis, which is caused by mutations in the X-linked retinoschisis 1 gene. Genes other than X-linked retinoschisis 1 gene have rarely been implicated in association with hereditary retinoschisis.

Findings of perinatal ocular examination performed on 3573, healthy full-term newborns.

Objective: To document the findings of a newborn eye examination programme for detecting ocular pathology in the healthy full-term newborn.

Methods: This is a cross-sectional study of the majority of newborns born in the Kunming Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital, China, between May 2010 and June 2011. Infants underwent ocular examination within 42 days after birth using a flashlight, retinoscope, hand-held slit lamp microscope and wide-angle digital retinal image acquisition system.

Comparison of inferior oblique myectomy to recession for the treatment of superior oblique palsy.

Purpose: To compare inferior oblique (IO) myectomy with recession for the treatment of superior oblique (SO) palsy.

Methods: A retrospective review of medical records identified all patients with SO palsy who underwent IO weakening procedures. Patients were excluded if IO muscle surgery was bilateral, combined with other vertical muscle surgery and if follow up was less than 4 weeks.

Germinoma presenting as a fourth cranial nerve palsy in a patient with adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) gene mutation.

A 17-year-old boy with adenomatous polyposis and a history of an adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) gene mutation (IVS13(-2) A>G) presented for evaluation of vertical, binocular diplopia. Examination was suggestive of a fourth (trochlear) nerve palsy. A history of headaches was elicited and led to further investigation with neuroimaging, which identified a germinoma in the tectal plate and secondary hydrocephalus.

Astrocytic hamartoma of the optic disc and multiple café-au-lait macules in a child with neurofibromatosis type 2.

Neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2) is a heritable syndrome characterized by multifocal proliferation of neural crest-derived cells. The characteristic and diagnostic finding of NF2 is bilateral vestibular nerve schwannomas (acoustic neuromas). In addition to other tumors involving the central and peripheral nervous systems, ophthalmic manifestations, including posterior subcapsular and peripheral cortical cataracts, optic nerve meningiomas, epiretinal membrane, and combined pigment epithelial and retinal hamartomas, are common to NF2.

A novel case of bilateral high myopia, cataract, and total retinal detachment associated with interstitial 11q deletion.

Purpose: Jacobsen syndrome, also known as 11q deletion syndrome, is a rare condition characterized by multiple anomalies, including developmental delay, cardiac abnormalities, blood dyscrasias, distal limb abnormalities, craniofacial anomalies, and variable ophthalmic manifestations. The syndrome's phenotype is due to a terminal deletion and is usually severely debilitating, frequently associated with fatality. Interstitial deletions, not involving the terminal end, have been associated with a more variable and less severe phenotype.

Progression of type 2 to type 1 retinopathy of prematurity in the Early Treatment for Retinopathy of Prematurity Study.

Objective: To examine the frequency and timing of progression from type 2 to type 1 retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) in the Early Treatment for Retinopathy of Prematurity Study.

Methods: Infants with prethreshold ROP that was no worse than low risk in 1 or both eyes, based on the RM-ROP2 model, were examined every 2 to 4 days for at least 2 weeks. Using the Early Treatment for Retinopathy of Prematurity Study-defined classification of eyes as having type 1 or type 2 prethreshold ROP, we analyzed the time to conversion from type 2 to type 1.

Physical changes in human meibum with age as measured by infrared spectroscopy.

Both lipids and mucins contribute to the stability of the tear film and lipids may inhibit tears from evaporating. Younger people have lower lipid viscosity, higher lipid volume, and a lower rate of tear evaporation. Since age-related changes in human meibum composition and conformation have never been investigated, as a basis for the study of lipid-associated changes with meibomian gland dysfunction, we used the power of infrared spectroscopy to characterize hydrocarbon chain conformation and packing in meibum from humans without dry eye symptoms in relation to age and sex.

Effect of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor on the incidence of threshold retinopathy of prematurity.

Purpose: To study the effect of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (GCSF) on the incidence of threshold retinopathy of prematurity (ROP).

Methods: A retrospective chart review of all neonates who received GCSF at our neonatal intensive care unit over a period ranging from January 2003 to September 2007 was performed. Of the 213 patients identified, 50 patients with birth weight <1,500 g and gestational age <32 weeks were included in this study.

Babies Count: the national registry for children with visual impairments, birth to 3 years.

Introduction: Information about the prevalence of visual impairment in children is not collected systematically. Further, little information is available about children under age 6. Babies Count is a national registry of children with visual impairment in the United States, aged birth to 3 years.