Paleolithic occupation of arid Central Asia in the Middle Pleistocene.

Central Asia is positioned at a crossroads linking several zones important to hominin dispersal during the Middle Pleistocene. However, the scarcity of stratified and dated archaeological material and paleoclimate records makes it difficult to understand dispersal and occupation dynamics during this time period, especially in arid zones. Here we compile and analyze paleoclimatic and archaeological data from Pleistocene Central Asia, including examination of a new layer-counted speleothem-based multiproxy record of hydrological changes in southern Uzbekistan at the end of MIS 11.

The Northern Route for Human dispersal in Central and Northeast Asia: New evidence from the site of Tolbor-16, Mongolia.

The fossil record suggests that at least two major human dispersals occurred across the Eurasian steppe during the Late Pleistocene. Neanderthals and Modern Humans moved eastward into Central Asia, a region intermittently occupied by the enigmatic Denisovans. Genetic data indicates that the Denisovans interbred with Neanderthals near the Altai Mountains (South Siberia) but where and when they met H.

[Intestinal obstruction in disseminated malignant tumors of the female genitalia: the surgical procedure and combined operations].

Results of surgical treatment of 103 patients are presented who had spread malignant tumors of the female genitalia with the involvement of different segments of the intestine and urinary tract, and damaged intestinal passage. Combined operations were performed on 57 patients (55.3%), palliative--46 patients (44.

[Extensive hepatic resections and reconstruction of bile ducts in patients with tumors and parasitic cysts].

The short-term and end results of hemihepatoectomies (36) associated with malignant (31) and benign (2) hepatic tumors and parasitic cysts (3) are presented (total right-side hemihepatectomy-7, subtotal-9, left-side hemihepatectomy-15, extended left-side hemihepatectomy-5). In 14 cases, due to considerable invasion of tumor from other sites or because of distant metastases, the liver was resected alongside with removal of primary tumor. In such patients, gastric extirpation was carried out simultaneously with resection of the esophagus and pancreas (4), colon and rectum (8) and gastropancreatoduodenal area (1).

[General and local antibiotic treatment with ceftriaxone of suppurative-septic diseases and complications].

A third-generation cephalosporin, Ceftriaxone, was used in intensive care of patients subjected to elective and urgent surgery in the Regional Clinical Hospital, St. Petersburg. A total of 105 patients were divided in 4 groups: 1) a course of ceftriaxone in combination with aminoglycosides started before the intervention; 2) the same, with the disease course complicated by peritonitis; 3) patients with neurosurgical diseases and brain injuries complicated by secondary meningoencephalitis; and 4) abdominal surgical patients in whom the severity of illness was determined by the abdominal process of different localization.

[The combined endoscopic surgery of gallstones complicated by diseases of the terminal common bile duct].

The article deals with combined endoscopic treatment of cholelithiasis complicated by pathological changes of the terminal part of the common bile duct in 104 patients: in 81 of them there was choledocholithiasis (5 of them had the Mirizzi syndrome). 15 patients had choledocholithiasis and papillostenosis, 8 patients had papillostenosis. Papillosphincterotomy with laparoscopic cholecystectomy was performed in 50 patients, in 4 senile patients only papillosphincterotomy was performed.

[The quality of medical care given to patients with esophageal cancer in St. Petersburg and the Leningrad region].

The data on the morbidity, time of diagnosis and results of treatment of esophageal cancer in St. Petersburg and Leningrad Region (1992-1994) were analyzed. The morbidity rates were higher in women than in men, the predominant age being over 60.

[Current trends in the diagnosis and therapy of colorectal cancer].

The report deals with the 30-year experience gained by the Department in the treatment of nearly 5,500 cases of tumors of large bowel. Radical surgery for colonic tumor was followed by lethality in 3.0 and 5-year survival-80.

[One-step transpleural or transmediastinal esophagogastroplasty in resection of the esophagus for cancer].

An experience with 139 radical one-step surgeries for esophagus cancer using transpleural or transmediastinal plasty with a gastric tube is presented. This type of surgery is a method of choice for malignant tumours of the esophagus since it provides the best radical operation and good functional results. The standardized approach to the anesthesiological maintenance of these surgeries and to postoperative intensive therapy is substantiated.

[Radiation-induced multiple tumors].

Multiple primary tumors have been detected in 192 (5.0%) cases out of 3,812 patients with primary cervical malignancies, 100 (2.6%) cases having been traced to radiation-related origin.

[Specifics of reproductive disorders and hormonal sensitivity of tumors in patients with "hormone-related neoplastic syndrome"].

Blood-serum levels of gonadotrophins and estradiol were assayed alongside with those of estradiol and progesterone receptors in the tissue of tumors of the breast, uterus, ovary and large bowel to establish general regularities of reproductive homeostasis in patients. The study was based on the assumption that risk of secondary tumor development is considerable in a patient who bears one of said malignancies. The effect of estrogen hormones was shown to be one of general causes of tumorigenesis.

[Specifics of metabolic disorders in patients with "hormone-associated neoplastic" syndromes].

Overweight, lipidemia features, glucose tolerance and insulinemia were studied in 642 females suffering tumors of the corpus uteri, breast, ovary and large bowel, i.e. types of neoplasia which often occur and correspond to the syndrome of primary multiple "hormone-related" cancers.

[The characteristics of bile acid excretion in patients with cancer of the large intestine].

Marked difference in bile acids excretion (on the same diet) was observed between patients with large bowel cancer and healthy controls. The peak level of the bile acids in feces was registered in female patients 46-59 years of age suffering right-sided cancer. It is suggested that bile acid excretion in man is determined both by nutritional factors and hormonal-metabolic peculiarities of the body.

[Primary-multiple malignant tumors of the colon, uterus and breast].

A study of 94 case histories of primary multiple tumors of the large bowel, uterus and breast showed relative risk of development of uterine body cancer in patients with colonic cancer to be 37 times that for a general population of healthy females over 40 years of age. Post-treatment risk of breast cancer in cases of large bowel cancer increases 17-fold, uterine body--15-fold and cervix uteri--10-fold. Risk for large bowel cancer increases 179-fold in patients treated for uterine body tumors.

[Intestinal obstruction in the early postoperative period in patients with gastrointestinal tumors].

Data on the clinical course and medical tactics in mechanical small intestine ileus developing in the early postoperative period in patients with carcinoma of the gastrointestinal tract are given. The mechanical intestinal ileus was responsible for relaparotomies in 22 patients (5 of them died). An early repeated operation is stressed to be necessary which is less dangerous for the patient than a continuous waiting.