[Clinical and morphological characteristics of lung sequestration].

Objective: To study the clinical and morphological manifestations of lung sequestration.

Material And Methods: Surgical material (lung tissue) of 18 patients (2017-2021) and 8 archival observations (1972-1994) of confirmed lung sequestration were examined. Histological staining (hematoxylin and eosin, Schiff reagent, Ziehl-Neelsen, picrofuchsin according to Van Gieson) and immunohistochemical reactions with antibodies to SMA, TTF1, CK5/6 (DAKO) were performed.

[IgG4-related disease of the breast].

IgG4-related disease is an immune-mediated disorder with tumor-like multiorgan involvement, elevated serum IgG4 level and specific histopathological appearance (lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate rich in IgG4+ plasma cells and storiform fibrosis). The article presents rare clinical and morphological observations of IgG4-related mastopathy in women with suspected tumor process. A strategy for the treatment of IgG4-related disease should be based on the results of pre-surgery histopathological examination, which may help to avoid unreasonable surgical intervention and choose glucocorticoids or rituximab as the first-line treatment.

[Causes and mechanisms of sudden cardiac death in children].

The paper presents basic morphological criteria of the diagnosis of sudden cardiac death related to different diseases in young people. Attention is drawn to cardiomyopathies, channelopathies, connective tissue dysplasias, Marfan syndrome with cystic medial necrosis, sudden arrhythmic death. Initiating events in sudden cardiac death are discussed.

[Heart damage in the combined types of systemic amyloidosis].

Unlabelled: The cardiovascular system is a common target of systemic amyloidosis (SA); amyloid light chain (AL) cardiac amyloidosis (AL-CA), the wild-type transthyretin (ATTRwt-CA), and mutant-type transthyretin (ATTRmt-CA) are the most studied types of SA. The literature describes only single cases of two types of SA in the same patient.

Objective: To identify and determine the clinical and morphological characteristics of combined types of SA in patients with biventricular chronic heart failure (CHF).

Cause of death based on systematic post-mortem studies in patients with positive SARS-CoV-2 tissue PCR during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Importance: Assessment of the causative association between the COVID-19 and cause of death has been hampered by limited availability of systematically performed autopsies. We aimed to present autopsy-confirmed causes of death in patients who died with COVID-19 and to assess the association between thrombosis and diffuse alveolar damage consistent with COVID-19 (DAD).

Methods: Consecutive forensic (n = 60) and clinical (n = 42) autopsies with positive post-mortem SARS-CoV-2 PCR in lungs (age 73 ± 14 years, 50% men) were included.

[The role of diastolic transthoracic stress echocardiography with incremental workload in the evaluation of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: indications, methodology, interpretation. Expert consensus developed under the auspices of the National Medical Research Center of Cardiology, Society of Experts in Heart Failure (SEHF), and Russian Association of Experts in Ultrasound Diagnosis in Medicine (REUDM)].

Diagnosis of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is associated with certain difficulties since many patients with HFpEF have a slight left ventricular diastolic dysfunction and normal filling pressure at rest. Diagnosis of HFpEF is improved by using diastolic transthoracic stress-echocardiography with dosed exercise (or diastolic stress test), which allows detection of increased filling pressure during the exercise. The present expert consensus explains the requirement for using the diastolic stress test in diagnosing HFpEF from clinical and pathophysiological standpoints; defines indications for the test with a description of its methodological aspects; and addresses issues of using the test in special patient groups.

[Sepsis: from systemic inflammatory response syndrome to organ dysfunction].

Based on their extensive experience and literature data, the author outlines difficulties in the morphological diagnosis of sepsis, by taking into account the current clinical classification. Occurring not only in sepsis and lacking clear morphological criteria, a systemic inflammatory response and organ dysfunction cannot be absolute signs of sepsis diagnosis. The author gives the morphological characteristics of the systemic inflammatory response, septic shock, and organ dysfunction.

[Anatomical pathology of novel coronavirus (COVID-19) infection. First impressions].

Unlabelled: To date, descriptive results of a clinical and morphological study of novel coronavirus COVID-19 infection, mainly of the lungs, have appeared. However, in other organs, primarily in the cardiovascular system, there are substantial structural changes that lead to multiple organ dysfunction and contribute to death.

Objective: To analyze the thanatogenetic significance of novel coronavirus COVID-19 infection in different age and gender groups and to describe the main morphopathological manifestations in various organs.

Histological characterization of age-related skin changes following the use of picosecond laser: Low vs high energy.

Fractional lasers have become widespread in dermatology owing to their efficacy and safety. Comparative analysis of histological features after laser rejuvenation using a 1064-nm fractionated handpiece picosecond laser with different energy fluence levels (1.1 or 2.

Changes of the Heart Valves in the Long Term After Chemoradiotherapy According to Different Protocols for Hodgkin's Lymphoma in Children and Adolescents.

The purpose of our work was to study late cardiac complications after treatment for Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL) in children and adolescents. Sixty-seven patients were examined in the long term (>5 years) after chemoradiotherapy for HL according to two different programs of treatment (groups I and II). Mean total doses of radiotherapy (RT) to the mediastinum were 37.

Intravital and postmortem diagnostics of myocardial hypertrophy of the left ventricle:identity or convention?

Aim: The aim of the study is to assess the compliance of the results of electrocardiographic (ECG) and echocardiographic diagnostic methods of hypertrophy of left ventricular myocardium (LVH) with the postmortem finding of measurement of left ventricular myocardium mass (LVM).

Materials And Methods: We examined the data of intravital study of anthropometric measurements [age, height, weight, body mass index (BMI)], instrumental results [12-lead ECG, EchoCG], as well as the postmortem finding (direct measurement of LVM at autopsy) in 15 patients of general therapy department. While analyzing ECG we studied as conventional ECG criteria for the detection of LVH as well as the author's own criteria based on two models (regression and discriminant analyses), including voltage, sex and age criteria.

[Pulmonary histiocytosis from Langerhans cells as the problem of clinical morphology].

There are discussed modern views on one of the most difficult diagnosed forms of pulmonary dissemination. They relate to the dynamics of granulomatous changes in the lung tissue at the cellular and subcellular level as well as a characteristic of the immunophenotype of Langerhans cells. At present the frequency of this disease increases, which improves the responsibility for the timely diagnosis based on performing explicit clinical and morphological studies.

[The informative value of oral mucosal biopsy for the diagnosis of systemic amyloidosis].

One hundred and thirteen oral mucosal biopsy specimens were analyzed in patients suspected of having systemic amyloidosis. Histological, immunohistochemical, and genetic studies and polarized light microscopy revealed oral amyloid deposits in 72.6% of cases, including 63.

[Oral status and oral mucosa blood circulation changes in patients with chronic heart failure].

The objective of this study was to characterize dental status and oral mucosa blood flow in patients with chronic heart failure and amyloid deposits in oral mucosa. Histological and immunohistochemical analysis of 80 oral mucosa biopsies taken from patients aged 32-72 years with chronic heart failure I-IV NYHA functional class was carried out. It detected a systemic amyloidosis in 15.

[Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Clinical and morphological comparisons].

The paper comparatively analyzes myocardial morphology in children and adults with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. All the cases analyzed had its obstructive form and significant asymmetric left ventricular hypertrophy--hypertrophy of the ventricular septum (VS). When stratifying the risk of sudden death from the obstructive form of the disease in adults, the most important characteristics are shown to be less than 45 years of age, stromal enlargement in the right VS closer to the endocardium of the right ventricle; and in some cases this fact must be considered when choosing a management tactic.

[Desmin-related cardiomyopathy].

The observation of 26 years old patient with desminopathy declared itself by hypertrophied cardiomyopathy with its transformation into restrictive phenotype is presented. The features of pathologic course at the patient were a dominance and diversity of cardiac manifestations. Endomyocardiac biopsy allowed suspecting the desminopathy confirmed by genetic analysis.

[Evaluating the activity of the apoptosis-regulating genes from Bcl-2, Bax expression, and caspase-3 activity in bronchial epithelial cells in patients with asthma].

The specific features of bronchial epithelial cell apoptosis in asthma were studied, by evaluating the activity of the apoptosis-regulating genes Bcl-2, Bax, and caspase-3. Fibrobronchoscopy with target biopsy of the bronchial mucosa was carried out in 21 asthmatic patients (the latter had given informed consent). The expression of Bcl-2, Bax, and CPP32 (caspase-3 activity) was determined in the bronchial epithelial cells by the immunohistochemical technique using the DAKO kits.

[The Saint Petersburg Society of Pathologists is 100 years old].

The paper describes the history of the Saint Petersburg Society of pathologists since it was founded in 1909. It shows what great role is played by outstanding Russian medical scientists who have established their own schools of pathomorphologists and are respected in our and foreign countries. The activities of the society's members in research developments in cardiovascular and infectious diseases, cancer morphology, etc.

[The role of a signal lymph node in surgical treatment of gastric cancer].

A method of intraoperative mapping of the lymph outflow tracts was used in 32 patients for a detection of the signal lymph node in gastric cancer using a lymphotropic stain BLUE PATENT V. The test-sensitivity was 78%. The intraoperative mapping of the lymph outflow tracts allows the volume and zone dissection in operations for gastric cancer to be exactly determined.

[Myocardial and renal morphological changes in drug addicts with infective endocarditis].

The autopsy specimens of the myocardium and kidneys from 233 patients with infective endocarditis (142 and 91 with and without a history of drug abuse, respectively) were studied by conventional microscopy and immunohistochemistry. In the drug abusers (DA), myocytolysis was a dominant form of myocardial damage and in the non-DA that was contraction degeneration. In DA, lower cardiomyocytic cl-2 expression arouses speculations on the possible role of apoptosis in the pathogenesis of heart failure in this group of patients.

[Cardiac manifestations of amyloidosis].

Amyloidosis is shown by a group of diseases with a variability of clinical and morphological manifestations determining difficulties in its diagnosis. The cardiovascular system is commonly the site of involvement in different forms of amyloidosis. The variants of cardiac involvement in the pathological process in amyloidosis are outlined depending on various precursor proteins.

[Immunomorphological characteristics of pulmonary langerhans cell histiocytosis].

Lung tissue specimens, obtained during lung biopsy or resection, were morphologically and immunohistochemically studied in 27 patients with Langerhans cell (LC) histiocytosis (LCH). The latter was diagnosed on the basis of the expression of CD1a and S-100. Without immunophenotyping, its diagnosis was difficult due to impaired tissue architectonics (sclerosis, bullous transformation) and artifacts that were inevitably present during lung biopsy.