The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on TB notifications in Ukraine in 2020.

Background: We assessed the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on TB notifications in Ukraine, stratified by multiple subgroups.

Design/methods: We analyzed data from Ukraine's National TB Program from January 2015 to December 2020 using interrupted time series models. We compared observed cases to counterfactual estimated cases had the pandemic not occurred and estimated trends through December 2020 nationally and by various demographics.

The impact of isolated obesity compared with obesity and other risk factors on risk of stillbirth: a retrospective cohort study.

Background: Maternal obesity is associated with stillbirth, but uncertainty persists around the effects of higher obesity classes. We sought to compare the risk of stillbirth associated with maternal obesity alone versus maternal obesity and additional or undiagnosed factors contributing to high-risk pregnancy.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study using the Better Outcomes Registry and Network (BORN) for singleton hospital births in Ontario between 2012 and 2018.

Persisting risk factors for preeclampsia among high-risk pregnancies already using prophylactic aspirin: a multi-country retrospective investigation.

Background: Low-dose aspirin is recommended for pregnant individuals at high-risk of developing preeclampsia, but less is known about those that develop preeclampsia even while using prophylactic aspirin for preeclampsia prevention as the best course of treatment.

Objectives: The objective of this study is to investigate the risk factors with the highest risk of developing preeclampsia among pregnant individuals already using aspirin from high-risk obstetrical centers across five countries.

Design: This is a secondary analysis of pregnant individuals from the Folic Acid Clinical Trial (FACT) who were using prophylactic aspirin before 16 weeks gestation.

Missed Tuberculosis Diagnoses: Analysis of Pediatric Autopsy Data From General Hospitals in Lviv, Ukraine.

We reviewed autopsy data from general hospitals in Lviv, Ukraine to understand pediatric mortality due to tuberculosis (TB). We identified 14 (0.6%) of 2345 autopsied children with unrecognized or untreated TB.

Predictors of Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes in Pregnant Women Living with Obesity: A Systematic Review.

Obesity is a well-recognized risk factor for pregnancy complications. Most studies to date are in large cohorts, with results presented in a way that assumes all women living with obesity are at equal risk. This study investigates which women living with obesity are at higher risk of specific pregnancy complications.

Incidence and Mortality of Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis in Ukraine: Analysis of National Surveillance Data.

Background: Improved understanding of the epidemiology and mortality risk factors of extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) may facilitate successful diagnosis and management.

Methods: We analyzed national surveillance data from Ukraine to characterize EPTB subtypes (ie, localized in different anatomic sites). We calculated annual reported incidence, stratified by age, sex, and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) status.

TB stigma and its correlates among HIV-positive people who inject drugs in Ukraine.

TB is commonly stigmatized. Correlates of perceived TB stigma have not been assessed specifically among HIV-positive people who inject drugs (PWIDs). It is also unclear how perceived TB stigma intersects with other forms of stigma affecting this population.

Tracking conflict and emotions with a computational qualitative discourse analytic support approach.

Accurate inferences of the emotional state of conversation participants can be critical in shaping analysis and interpretation of conversational exchanges. In qualitative analyses of discourse, most labelling of the perceived emotional state of conversation participants is performed by hand, and is limited to selected moments where an analyst may believe that emotional information is valuable for interpretation. This reliance on manual labelling processes can have implications for repeatability and objectivity, both in terms of accuracy, but also in terms of changes in emotional state that might go unnoticed.

Advanced Oncoplastic Breast Conserving Surgery: Single Institution Experience with 823 Patients.

Oncoplastic breast conserving surgery (BCS) becomes the standard of care in multidisciplinary breast cancer treatment. From our perspective, the aim of oncoplastic BCS is the best oncological, aesthetic and functional surgical treatment results. The study's objective is to present our approaches to the selection of surgical techniques and determine operative and oncological outcomes of oncoplastic surgery.

Impact of high-dose folic acid supplementation in pregnancy on biomarkers of folate status and 1-carbon metabolism: An ancillary study of the Folic Acid Clinical Trial (FACT).

Background: Periconceptional folic acid (FA) supplementation is recommended to prevent the occurrence of neural tube defects. Currently, most over-the-counter FA supplements in Canada and the United States contain 1 mg FA and some women are prescribed 5 mg FA/d. High-dose FA is hypothesized to impair 1-carbon metabolism.

Remdesivir Use Compared With Supportive Care in Hospitalized Patients With Severe COVID-19: A Single-Center Experience.

Background: The US Food and Drug Administration issued an Emergency Use Authorization for remdesivir use in patients with severe COVID-19.

Methods: We utilized data from 2 quaternary acute care hospitals. The outcomes of interest were the impact of remdesivir on in-hospital death by day 28 and time to recovery, clinical improvement, and discharge.

Clinical manifestations and epidemiology of adolescent tuberculosis in Ukraine.

Background: During adolescence, childhood and adult forms of tuberculosis (TB) overlap, resulting in diverse disease manifestations. Knowing which patient characteristics are associated with which manifestations may facilitate diagnosis and enhance understanding of TB pathophysiology.

Methods: In this cross-sectional study, we included 10-19-year-olds in Ukraine's national TB registry who started TB treatment between 2015 and 2018.

SARS-CoV-2 and HIV coinfection: clinical experience from Rhode Island, United States.

Introduction: Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has infected >6 million people worldwide since December 2019. Global reports of HIV/SARS-CoV-2 coinfection are limited. To better understand the impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on persons with HIV and improve their care, we present an outpatient and inpatient clinical experience of HIV/SARS-CoV-2 coinfection from Rhode Island, US.

Stigma and quality of co-located care for HIV-positive people in addiction treatment in Ukraine: a cross-sectional study.

Introduction: Co-located treatment for HIV and opioid use disorder has been shown to improve care outcomes for HIV-positive people who inject drugs (PWID) in Ukraine. However, patients continue to be stigmatized for both HIV and substance use. This study aimed to assess whether co-located care for HIV-positive PWID receiving opioid agonist treatment (OAT) services in Ukraine is associated with less stigma and better perceived quality of HIV services.

COVID-19 in a Patient Presenting with Syncope and a Normal Chest X-ray.

SARS-CoV-2 is a novel virus that has now affected hundreds of thousands of individuals across the world. Amidst this global pandemic, maintaining a high index of suspicion, rapid testing capacity, and infection control measures are required to curtail the virus' rapid spread. While fever and respiratory symptoms have been commonly used to identify COVID-19 suspects, we present an elderly female who arrived to the hospital after a syncopal episode.

Effect of high-dose folic acid supplementation on the prevention of preeclampsia in twin pregnancy.

Objective: To determine the efficacy of high-dose folic acid for the prevention of preeclampsia in twin pregnancies.

Methods: Secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial in 70 obstetrical sites in Argentina, Australia, Canada, Jamaica, and the UK between 2011 and 2015. Eligible women pregnant with twins who were aged 18 y or older and between 8 and 16 completed weeks' gestation were randomized between to receive daily high-dose folic acid (4.

Patients' perspectives of tuberculosis treatment challenges and barriers to treatment adherence in Ukraine: a qualitative study.

Objectives: To understand the challenges faced by patients with tuberculosis (TB) and factors that influence TB treatment adherence in Ukraine.

Design: Qualitative study.

Setting: TB treatment facilities in Kyiv Oblast, Ukraine.

Guidelines for the management of pregnant women with obesity: A systematic review.

Multiple clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) have been established for pregnant women with obesity. The quality and consistency of recommendations remain unknown. The objective of this study is to conduct a systematic review to synthesize and appraise evidence from CPGs, available worldwide, for pregnant women affected by obesity.

Tuberculosis: An Epidemic Perpetuated by Health Inequalities.

Tuberculosis (TB) is the leading single-agent infectious disease killer worldwide. The World Health Organization (WHO)'s End TB Strategy aims to achieve tuberculosis (TB) elimination by 2030, and in September 2018, the United Nations General Assembly held a High-Level Meeting on TB to address the urgency of the TB epidemic and the health inequalities that continue to propel it. The meeting endorsed an ambitious, comprehensive approach to the TB epidemic that incorporates universal health coverage and tackles the social determinants of this disease.

Pediatric Multidrug-resistant Tuberculosis in Kyiv City, Ukraine.

Few reports have described pediatric Multidrug-resistant Tuberculosis (MDR-TB) in the former Soviet republics, despite the fact that these countries have the highest proportion of TB cases that are MDR. We aimed to examine pediatric MDR-TB in Ukraine. This retrospective cohort study included all children <18 years of age who started undergoing MDR-TB treatment between January 1, 2011 and July 31, 2016 at Kyiv City Pediatric TB Hospital.

Effect of high dose folic acid supplementation in pregnancy on pre-eclampsia (FACT): double blind, phase III, randomised controlled, international, multicentre trial.

Objective: To determine the efficacy of high dose folic acid supplementation for prevention of pre-eclampsia in women with at least one risk factor: pre-existing hypertension, prepregnancy diabetes (type 1 or 2), twin pregnancy, pre-eclampsia in a previous pregnancy, or body mass index ≥35.

Design: Randomised, phase III, double blinded international, multicentre clinical trial.

Setting: 70 obstetrical centres in five countries (Argentina, Australia, Canada, Jamaica, and UK).

Treatment and outcomes in children with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis: A systematic review and individual patient data meta-analysis.

Background: An estimated 32,000 children develop multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB; Mycobacterium tuberculosis resistant to isoniazid and rifampin) each year. Little is known about the optimal treatment for these children.

Methods And Findings: To inform the pediatric aspects of the revised World Health Organization (WHO) MDR-TB treatment guidelines, we performed a systematic review and individual patient data (IPD) meta-analysis, describing treatment outcomes in children treated for MDR-TB.

The Effect of Very Advanced Maternal Age on Maternal and Neonatal Outcomes: A Systematic Review.

Objective: To summarize information on the maternal and perinatal outcomes among pregnant women with a maternal age greater or equal to 45 years old compared with women with a maternal age of less than 45.

Methods: A comprehensive systematic search of online databases from January 1946 through June 2015 was completed. The maternal outcomes were: fetal loss, preterm birth, full-term birth, complications of pregnancy, the type of delivery, and periconception hemorrhage.