Publications by authors named "Ryan Tamashiro"
Article Synopsis
- The study investigates how the mode of delivery (cesarean vs. vaginal) affects children's neurodevelopmental outcomes, focusing on behavioral and cognitive test scores.
- Researchers analyzed data from 2,855 children in the Raine Study, comparing various delivery methods and their impacts on behavior and development.
- Findings suggest that non-elective cesarean deliveries are linked to worse behavioral scores, while elective cesarean deliveries correlate with lower motor function scores; however, these differences do not indicate a higher risk of clinical deficits.
Angiostrongyliasis (Rat Lungworm disease) is an emerging parasitic disease caused by the ingestion of gastropods infected with the neurotropic nematode . The reduction of crop infestation with infected slug carriers may vary widely by protection method. We explored the application of barriers with valve mechanisms, whereby selective directional forces caused a greater number of slugs to exit than enter the protected plot, leading to decreased slug population densities at a steady state.
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- Smoking worsens periodontal disease and changes the bacteria found below the gumline, but how these changes contribute to disease progression is unclear.
- A study observed 233 gum sites from smokers and non-smokers over 6-12 months, revealing that smokers had a more diverse microbiome at shallower probing depths, but this difference diminished at deeper depths.
- Certain bacteria linked to disease progression were found more often in smokers, indicating that smoking may lead to harmful changes in gum bacteria that promote the development of periodontal disease.
Article Synopsis
- This study tested a new mouth rinse containing Cetylpyridinium chloride and essential oils to see if it helps prevent plaque build-up in patients with gingivitis after dental cleaning.
- The trial involved 118 participants who used either the test mouth rinse or a control rinse for 12 weeks, with results showing lower plaque scores in the treatment group.
- Although both groups improved in gingivitis, the rinse's long-term use may be affected by side effects, and a notable percentage of participants dropped out of the study.
Article Synopsis
- The subgingival microbiome is a stable system in healthy individuals, but variations exist over time and between different sites in the mouth.
- Researchers sampled 251 subgingival samples from five healthy individuals over 6-12 months to analyze these variations and found significant differences in microbiome composition between individuals and sites.
- Despite differences, the microbiome at specific sites was stable over time, suggesting that sampling individual sites is crucial for understanding the healthy subgingival microbiome's composition and function.
Background & Aims: Retreatment with glecaprevir/pibrentasvir (G/P) resulted in a rate of sustained virologic response 12 weeks after treatment completion (SVR12) of >90% in HCV genotype 1 (GT1) patients who previously failed a regimen of sofosbuvir plus an NS5A inhibitor (NS5Ai). This study investigated the prevalence and impact of baseline NS3 and NS5A resistance-associated substitutions (RASs) on the efficacy of G/P in prior GT1 sofosbuvir+NS5Ai failures and the persistence of treatment-emergent RASs.
Methods: Longitudinal samples from 177 patients enrolled in a phase IIIb, randomized pragmatic clinical trial were analyzed.
Background: Subgingival microbiome in disease-associated subgingival sites is known to be dysbiotic and significantly altered. In patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), the extent of dysbiosis in disease- and health-associated subgingival sites is not clear.
Methods: 8 RA and 10 non-RA subjects were recruited for this pilot study.
Article Synopsis
- - HIV drug resistance poses a significant challenge to maintaining effective treatment in HIV-positive patients, as drug-resistant variants can interfere with therapy effectiveness.
- - The study explores the effectiveness of Primer-ID and deep sequencing methods in accurately detecting minority drug-resistant HIV variants, which are often understudied in clinical settings.
- - Findings demonstrate that the qSVS assay can reliably detect minority variants down to 1% of viral populations, validating its use for further research on how these variants affect treatment outcomes.
Many tropical plants are defended by ants, and the costs and benefits of these mutualisms can vary across gradients of herbivory, soil fertility, latitude, and other environmental factors. Yet despite an abundant literature documenting thermal constraints on ant activity and behavior, we know little about whether temperature variation can influence the benefits conferred by ants to plants. We evaluated the effects of dawn-to-dusk fluctuations in temperature on patrolling and aggressive behavior in four arboreal ant mutualists of Acacia drepanolobium trees in central Kenya.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFConflicts between nuclear and mitochondrial phylogenies have led to uncertainty for some relationships within the tree of life. These conflicts have led some to question the value of mitochondrial DNA in phylogenetics now that genome-scale nuclear data can be readily obtained. However, since mitochondrial DNA is maternally inherited and does not recombine, its phylogeny should be closer to the species tree.
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