No positive cross-resistance to Cry1 and Cry2 proteins favors pyramiding strategy for management of Vip3Aa resistance in Spodoptera frugiperda.

Background: Pyramided Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) crops could delay insect resistance development by expressing multiple distinct Bt proteins to manage the same insect pest. The efficacy of pyramiding strategy for resistance management could be jeopardized by positive cross-resistance, which is defined as insects showing resistance to one Bt protein also exhibiting resistance to other Bt proteins. The fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda, is a destructive agricultural pest and target of Vip3Aa.

Occurrence and Ear Damage of on Transgenic Maize in the Field in Texas, U.S. and Its Susceptibility to Vip3A Protein.

The corn earworm, Helicoverpa zea (Boddie), is a major pest of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) maize and cotton in the U.S..

Fitness costs of Vip3A resistance in Spodoptera frugiperda on different hosts.

Background: Fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda, is a major target pest of the Vip3A protein. The fitness of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt)-resistant insects on refuges is an important factor in determining the speed of resistance development. Fitness costs associated with Bt resistance can vary among host plants.

F screen, inheritance and cross-resistance of field-derived Vip3A resistance in Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) collected from Louisiana, USA.

Background: Fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda, is a target pest of the Vip3A protein used in pyramided Bt corn and cotton in the USA. In this study, we provide the first documentation of a resistance allele conferring Vip3A resistance in a field-derived population of S. frugiperda from the USA, and characterize its inheritance and cross-resistance.