Publications by authors named "Ryan T Davis"

Article Synopsis
  • The study focuses on the effects of different doses of radioactive iodine therapy (RAIT) on survival and recurrence rates in patients with papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) that has spread to nearby lymph nodes (N1).
  • A retrospective analysis was conducted involving 81 patients with N1 PTC, comparing outcomes between those receiving low (less than 150 mCi) and high doses (greater than or equal to 150 mCi) of RAIT over an average follow-up of 9 years.
  • Results indicated no significant differences in recurrence rates, side effects, or mortality between the two groups, suggesting higher doses may not offer additional benefits; further larger studies are necessary for more personalized treatment guidelines.
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Article Synopsis
  • SARS-CoV-2 primarily targets myeloid populations, particularly human alveolar macrophages, in the lungs, where ACE2 expression allows viral entry and infection.
  • The infection of these macrophages results in the production of more viruses while evading strong interferon responses, making it harder for the immune system to detect and combat the virus.
  • This hidden viral reservoir in lung myeloid cells during the early stages of infection facilitates viral growth and may contribute to immune-related complications.
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Allogeneic chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapies hold the potential to overcome many of the challenges associated with patient-derived (autologous) CAR T cells. Key considerations in the development of allogeneic CAR T cell therapies include prevention of graft-vs-host disease (GvHD) and suppression of allograft rejection. Here, we describe preclinical data supporting the ongoing first-in-human clinical study, the CaMMouflage trial (NCT05722418), evaluating CB-011 in patients with relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma.

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Niche signals maintain stem cells in a prolonged quiescence or transiently activate them for proper regeneration. Altering balanced niche signalling can lead to regenerative disorders. Melanocytic skin nevi in human often display excessive hair growth, suggesting hair stem cell hyperactivity.

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Background Aims: Therapeutic disruption of immune checkpoints has significantly advanced the armamentarium of approaches for treating cancer. The prominent role of the programmed death-1 (PD-1)/programmed death ligand-1 axis for downregulating T cell function offers a tractable strategy for enhancing the disease-modifying impact of CAR-T cell therapy.

Methods: To address checkpoint interference, primary human T cells were genome edited with a next-generation CRISPR-based platform (Cas9 chRDNA) by knockout of the PDCD1 gene encoding the PD-1 receptor.

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Article Synopsis
  • The study investigates how SARS-CoV-2, the virus responsible for COVID-19, enters human lung cells, with a special focus on how the immune system reacts to this infection.
  • Researchers developed a lung slice model to explore early viral pathogenesis and discovered that SARS-CoV-2 has a strong preference for infecting myeloid cells, such as alveolar macrophages, which differs from the immune response generated by infections of other viruses like Influenza A.
  • Findings showed that SARS-CoV-2 can replicate efficiently within myeloid cells while generating fewer immune responses, allowing the virus to thrive and evade the immune system early in the infection process.
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Article Synopsis
  • The study examined how SARS-CoV-2 infects cells in the lungs, particularly focusing on myeloid cells, which are key components of the immune system.
  • Researchers created lung slice models to explore how this virus enters these cells and discovered that SARS-CoV-2 specifically targets myeloid populations, unlike the Influenza A virus.
  • The findings suggest that during early SARS-CoV-2 infection, myeloid cells can harbor the virus with limited immune response, facilitating viral growth and weakening the overall immune response.
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Critical to identifying the risk of environmentally driven disease is an understanding of the cumulative impact of environmental conditions on human health. Here we describe the methodology used to develop an environmental burden index (EBI). The EBI is calculated at U.

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Objective: Rankings of residency programs are highly influential and utilized by residency applicants. Existing ranking resources often use opaque criteria that may include bias or do not accurately represent the academic achievement of current faculty. This study aims to create an updated general surgery residency ranking list based on the academic achievements of their respective surgery department faculty members.

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Metastasis is a fatal disease where research progress has been hindered by a lack of authentic experimental models. Here, we develop a 3D tumor sphere culture-transplant system that facilitates the growth and engineering of patient-derived xenograft (PDX) tumor cells for functional metastasis assays in vivo. Orthotopic transplantation and RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) analyses show that PDX tumor spheres maintain tumorigenic potential, and the molecular marker and global transcriptome signatures of native tumor cells.

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Foramen of Winslow hernias are a rare, but dangerous form of internal hernia that can present in individuals with signs and symptoms of bowel obstruction. This case report details operative management of a cecal herniation through the foramen of Winslow in an elderly male with no prior history of intra-abdominal surgery. The patient presented with worsening abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting and obstipation.

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Introduction: Weather can be a barrier to walking. Understanding how perceptions of weather as a barrier and measured temperature are associated with walking can inform monitoring and promotion strategies. The objective of this study is to examine the association between perceptions of weather as a barrier to walking and measured weather with the volume of leisure and transportation walking.

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Around 95% of anti-cancer drugs that show promise during preclinical study fail to gain FDA-approval for clinical use. This failure of the preclinical pipeline highlights the need for improved, physiologically-relevant in vitro models that can better serve as reliable drug-screening and disease modeling tools. The vascularized micro-tumor (VMT) is a novel three-dimensional model system (tumor-on-a-chip) that recapitulates the complex human tumor microenvironment, including perfused vasculature, within a transparent microfluidic device, allowing real-time study of drug responses and tumor-stromal interactions.

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Although metastasis remains the cause of most cancer-related mortality, mechanisms governing seeding in distal tissues are poorly understood. Here, we establish a robust method for the identification of global transcriptomic changes in rare metastatic cells during seeding using single-cell RNA sequencing and patient-derived-xenograft models of breast cancer. We find that both primary tumours and micrometastases display transcriptional heterogeneity but micrometastases harbour a distinct transcriptome program conserved across patient-derived-xenograft models that is highly predictive of poor survival of patients.

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Tumours comprise a heterogeneous collection of cells with distinct genetic and phenotypic properties that can differentially promote progression, metastasis and drug resistance. Emerging single-cell technologies provide a new opportunity to profile individual cells within tumours and investigate what roles they play in these processes. This Review discusses key technological considerations for single-cell studies in cancer, new findings using single-cell technologies and critical open questions for future applications.

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Breast cancer arises from breast epithelial cells that acquire genetic alterations leading to subsequent loss of tissue homeostasis. Several distinct epithelial subpopulations have been proposed, but complete understanding of the spectrum of heterogeneity and differentiation hierarchy in the human breast remains elusive. Here, we use single-cell mRNA sequencing (scRNAseq) to profile the transcriptomes of 25,790 primary human breast epithelial cells isolated from reduction mammoplasties of seven individuals.

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Process variables affecting harvesting efficiency of Nannochloris oculata by AlCl(3) flocculation such as, cell density, ionic strength, coagulant dosage, media pH, and cell surface charge were investigated. Initial cell density and coagulant dosage had a significant effect on the removal efficiency; however, levels of ionic strength tested were not significant. Best flocculation conditions of investigated variables were: 0.

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This study investigated the potential clinical implications of lambda-carrageenan-induced inflammatory pain on brain uptake of a commonly used analgesic, codeine, in relation to the fundamental properties of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) correlated to its antinociceptive profile over a 168-h time course. BBB uptake of [14C]sucrose (a membrane impermeant marker) and [3H]codeine were investigated using an in situ brain perfusion model in the rat. Results demonstrated a significantly increased brain uptake of [14C]sucrose at 1, 3, 6 and 48 h (139+/-9%, 166+/-19%, 138+/-13% and 146+/-7% compared with control, respectively) and [3H]codeine at 3 and 48 h (179+/-6% and 179+/-12% compared with control, respectively).

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