Mapping the daily rhythmic transcriptome in the diabetic retina.

Retinal function changes dramatically from day to night, yet clinical diagnosis, treatments, and experimental sampling occur during the day. To begin to address this gap in our understanding of disease pathobiology, this study investigates whether diabetes affects the retina's daily rhythm of gene expression. Diabetic, Ins2 mice, and non-diabetic littermates were kept under a 12 h:12 h light/dark cycle until 4 months of age.

Peripheral immune circadian variation, synchronisation and possible dysrhythmia in established type 1 diabetes.

Aims/hypothesis: The circadian clock influences both diabetes and immunity. Our goal in this study was to characterise more thoroughly the circadian patterns of immune cell populations and cytokines that are particularly relevant to the immune pathology of type 1 diabetes and thus fill in a current gap in our understanding of this disease.

Methods: Ten individuals with established type 1 diabetes (mean disease duration 11 years, age 18-40 years, six female) participated in a circadian sampling protocol, each providing six blood samples over a 24 h period.

Hierarchical TiO Nanoflower Photocatalysts with Remarkable Activity for Aqueous Methylene Blue Photo-Oxidation.

This study systematically evaluates the performance of a series of TiO nanoflower (TNF) photocatalysts for aqueous methylene blue photo-oxidation under UV irradiation. TNF nanoflowers were synthesized from Ti(IV) butoxide by a hydrothermal method and then calcined at different temperatures ( = 400-800 °C) for specific periods of time ( = 1-5 h). By varying the calcination conditions, TNF-T-t photocatalysts with diverse physicochemical properties and anatase/rutile ratios were obtained.