Patient Engagement with Radiology Report Content: A Retrospective Analysis of 60,572 Radiology Report Views.

Rationale And Objectives: To evaluate patient use of plain language radiology report content.

Methods: Webpage-style radiology reports delivering patient-centered content were made available to patients via an online patient portal. Simple language explanations of terms and phrases in the reports were accessible to patients via a clickable hyperlink.

Imaging of Lung Transplantation.

Lung transplantation is the only curative treatment for end-stage lung disease, which is caused by a wide variety of pathologies and encountered in a diverse range of patients. Potential recipients, as well as donors are carefully evaluated by imaging prior to transplant for contraindications to the transplant. After transplantation, recipients are imaged in the immediate, early, intermediate, and late periods for complications that may arise and require intervention.

Patient-Friendly Radiology Reporting-Implementation and Outcomes.

Objective: To evaluate patient use and experience with patient-centered radiology reports provided via a radiology-specific patient portal in an outpatient setting.

Methods: Patient-centered interactive radiology reports were made available to all patients who had imaging examinations performed at any of seven outpatient imaging centers via a radiology-specific patient portal, using commercially available software. We recorded portal usage statistics including report access rate, report view time, and use of interactive diagrams and plain language explanations.

CT Appearance of Pulmonary Arteriovenous Malformations and Mimics.

A pulmonary arteriovenous malformation (PAVM) is a fistulous connection between a pulmonary artery and a pulmonary vein that bypasses the normal pulmonary capillary bed resulting in a right-to-left shunt. Because of the potential for paradoxical emboli, PAVMs are treated when their feeding arteries exceed 3 mm or patients are symptomatic. PAVMs are often encountered in patients with suspected hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT).

Acute myocarditis after a second dose of the mRNA COVID-19 vaccine: a report of two cases.

We report two cases of myocarditis, in two young and previously healthy individuals, temporally related to the second dose of the mRNA-COVID-19 vaccine. Both patients developed acute chest pain, changes on electrocardiogram (ECG), and elevated serum troponin within two days of receiving their second dose. Cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) findings were consistent with acute myocarditis.

Management of Incidental Thyroid Nodules on Chest CT: Using Natural Language Processing to Assess White Paper Adherence and Track Patient Outcomes.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to develop a natural language processing (NLP) pipeline to identify incidental thyroid nodules (ITNs) meeting criteria for sonographic follow-up and to assess both adherence rates to white paper recommendations and downstream outcomes related to these incidental findings.

Methods: 21583 non-contrast chest CT reports from 2017 and 2018 were retrospectively evaluated to identify reports which included either an explicit recommendation for thyroid ultrasound, a description of a nodule ≥ 1.5 cm, or description of a nodule with suspicious features.

Computed Tomography for Abdominal Pain: Do Radiology Reports Answer the Clinical Question?

Rationale And Objectives: To assess whether abdominopelvic computed tomography (CT) radiology reports directly address a cause for pain when pain is included in the scan indication.

Materials And Methods: Four hundred and ninety-five random abdominopelvic CT reports containing "pain" in the indication were retrospectively reviewed. The position of pain descriptors within the indication, the presence of an oncology-related indication in addition to pain and whether a cause for pain was addressed in the impression were recorded.

Chest CT and Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19): A Critical Review of the Literature to Date.

Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is a global pandemic. Studies in the radiology literature have suggested that CT might be sufficiently sensitive and specific in diagnosing COVID-19 when used in lieu of a reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction test; however, this suggestion runs counter to current society guidelines. The purpose of this article is to critically review some of the most frequently cited studies on the use of CT for detecting COVID-19.

Using Artificial Intelligence to Revise ACR TI-RADS Risk Stratification of Thyroid Nodules: Diagnostic Accuracy and Utility.

Background Risk stratification systems for thyroid nodules are often complicated and affected by low specificity. Continual improvement of these systems is necessary to reduce the number of unnecessary thyroid biopsies. Purpose To use artificial intelligence (AI) to optimize the American College of Radiology (ACR) Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System (TI-RADS).

Case 260: Endobronchial Posttransplantation Lymphoproliferative Disease.

History A 31-year-old woman with a history of bilateral orthotopic lung transplantation performed 10 months earlier for cystic fibrosis presented for a routine follow-up appointment, with her chief symptom being a cough. The cough started approximately 1 month prior to this appointment and was minimally productive of clear to yellow phlegm. In addition to her cough, she reported increased sinus congestion and a sensation of "something in her upper chest.

Comprehensive Word-Level Classification of Screening Mammography Reports Using a Neural Network Sequence Labeling Approach.

Radiology reports contain a large amount of potentially valuable unstructured data. Recently, neural networks have been employed to perform classification of radiology reports over a few classes at the document level. The success of neural networks in sequence-labeling problems such as named entity recognition and part of speech tagging suggests that they could be used to classify radiology report text with greater granularity.

Case 260.

History A 31-year-old woman with a history of bilateral orthotopic lung transplantation performed 10 months earlier for cystic fibrosis presented for a routine follow-up appointment, with her chief symptom being a cough. The cough started approximately 1 month prior to this appointment and was minimally productive of clear to yellow phlegm. In addition to her cough, she reported increased sinus congestion and a sensation of "something in her upper chest.

A Normal Thyroid by Any Other Name: Linguistic Analysis of Statements Describing a Normal Thyroid Gland from Noncontrast Chest CT Reports.

Purpose: To determine the variability and readability of language used in chest CT reports to describe a "normal" thyroid gland.

Methods: Using a semi-automated process, we identified unique sentences or phrases describing a "normal" thyroid gland in 11,357 noncontrast chest CT reports. Readability metrics were computed for each descriptor, including sentence length and grade-level indices quantifying the education necessary for text comprehension.

Sequential CT Findings in Patients With Non-small-cell Lung Cancer Receiving Nivolumab.

Background: Nivolumab is a novel immunotherapy that was recently approved for treatment of advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Patients treated with checkpoint inhibitors may show variable computed tomography (CT) features on follow-up imaging, and it is unclear how reliable conventional response criteria are to determine patient management and outcomes. We report the spectrum of sequential CT findings in patients with advanced stage lung cancer who received nivolumab in an effort to better inform appropriate imaging strategies.

Patient-Centered Radiology Reporting: Using Online Crowdsourcing to Assess the Effectiveness of a Web-Based Interactive Radiology Report.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a patient-centered web-based interactive mammography report.

Methods: A survey was distributed on Amazon Mechanical Turk, an online crowdsourcing platform. One hundred ninety-three US women ≥18 years of age were surveyed and then randomized to one of three simulated BI-RADS 0 report formats: standard report, Mammography Quality Standards Act-modeled patient letter, or web-based interactive report.

Corneoscleral stiffening increases IOP spike magnitudes during rapid microvolumetric change in the eye.

Factors governing the steady-state IOP have been extensively studied; however, the dynamic aspects of IOP are less understood. Clinical studies have suggested that intraocular pressure (IOP) fluctuation may be associated with glaucoma risk. This study aims to investigate how stiffening of corneoscleral biomechanical properties affects IOP spikes induced by rapid microvolumetric change.

Potential of F-18 PET/CT in the Detection of Leptomeningeal Metastasis.

Leptomeningeal metastasis (LM) is a rare but increasingly common condition in which malignant cells migrate to the meninges. The gold standard for diagnosing LM is detection of cancer cells in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Contrast enhanced-magnetic resonance imaging (CE-MRI) is also used to diagnose LM.

18F-FDG PET/CT in a 16-year-old patient with hydranencephaly.

A 16-year-old male patient with a past medical history of congenital brain malformation presented for surveillance F-FDG PET/CT scan of left parotid acinic cell adenocarcinoma. F-FDG PET/CT revealed absence of gray matter activity in the bilateral cerebral hemispheres most consistent with hydranencephaly. Hydranencephaly is a rare congenital condition characterized by absent cerebral hemispheres replaced by cerebrospinal fluid-filled sacs.

Cross-sectional evidence of a signaling pathway from bone homeostasis to glucose metabolism.

Context: Preclinical studies suggested the existence of a signaling pathway connecting bone and glucose metabolisms. Supposedly leptin modulates osteocalcin bioactivity, which in turn stimulates insulin and adiponectin secretion, and β-cell proliferation.

Objective: The objective of the investigation was to study the reciprocal relationships of adiponectin, leptin, osteocalcin, insulin resistance, and insulin secretion to verify whether such relationships are consistent with a signaling pathway connecting bone homeostasis and glucose metabolism.

Insulin and glucagon regulate pancreatic α-cell proliferation.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) results from insulin resistance and β-cell dysfunction, in the setting of hyperglucagonemia. Glucagon is a 29 amino acid peptide hormone, which is secreted from pancreatic α cells: excessively high circulating levels of glucagon lead to excessive hepatic glucose output. We investigated if α-cell numbers increase in T2DM and what factor (s) regulate α-cell turnover.