Trends of Benzotriazoles and Benzothiazoles in Australian Pooled Urine Samples from 2012 to 2023.

Benzotriazoles (BZTs) and benzothiazoles (BTs) are high-production-volume chemicals utilized in many different commercial products and industrial processes, such as metal corrosion inhibitors, vulcanization accelerators, plastic-associated UV stabilizers, and pharmaceutical precursors. This study assessed age, gender, and temporal trends of BZTs and BTs in deidentified surplus pathology urine samples, pooled and stratified by age, gender, and sample collection year from a general Australian population (168 pools representing 16,800 individuals). Tolyltriazole (TTri), 5,6-dimethyl-1H-benzotriazole (DMBZT), 1,3-benzothiazole (BTH), 2-hydroxybenzothiazole (2-OH-BTH), and 2-aminobenzothiazole (2-amino-BTH) were detected in >50% of the pools.

Direct injection liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry as a sensitive and high-throughput method for the quantitative surveillance of antimicrobials in wastewater.

Environmental antimicrobial pollution and antimicrobial resistance pose a threat to environmental and human health. Wastewater analysis has been identified as a promising tool for antimicrobial monitoring and the back-estimation of antimicrobial consumption, but current pretreatment methods are tedious and complicated, limiting their scope for high-throughput analysis. A sensitive direct injection method for the quantification of 109 antimicrobials and their metabolites in wastewater samples was developed using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS).

Effect of Silymarin Treatment on Circulating Bilirubin and Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in Healthy Men: A Single-Blind, Randomized Crossover Trial.

This clinical trial (ACTRN12619001296123) investigated the impact of silymarin (Legalon®) on circulating bilirubin concentration, lipid status, systemic inflammation, and antioxidant status. The study design was a randomized, placebo-controlled, single-blind crossover trial of healthy men (18-65 years), conducted at Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia. Participants were recruited from Griffith University and were randomized to silymarin (140 mg silymarin capsules thrice daily) or placebo (3 capsules containing mannitol taken daily) for 14 days followed by a ≥4-week washout and crossover to the other arm.

Pharmacokinetics of bilirubin-10-sulfonate and biliverdin in the rat.

Background And Purpose: Biliverdin (BV) administration induces antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, with previous reports also identifying anti-anaphylactic potential. Interestingly however, intra-duodenal administration of BV in rats leads to the formation of bilirubin-10-sulfonate (BRS), which might be responsible for BV's purported effects.

Experimental Approach: This study aimed to assess the intravenous, intraperitoneal and intraduodenal pharmacokinetics of BRS and BV in order to assess their therapeutic potential in future studies.

Biliverdin and bilirubin sulfonate inhibit monosodium urate induced sterile inflammation in the rat.

Background: Biliverdin, a by-product of haem catabolism, possesses potent endogenous antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Bilirubin-C10-sulfonate (BRS), an active metabolite formed after enteral administration of BV in the rat, also possess antioxidant properties. Therefore, we investigated the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity of BV and BRS in an in vivo model of monosodium urate induced sterile inflammation.

Development of an intravaginal ring for the topical delivery of Aurora kinase A inhibitor, MLN8237.

Human papilloma virus (HPV) is the main culprit in cervical cancers. Although the HPV vaccine is now available, the slow and gradual process for HPV cancers to form means little will change, even for vaccinated individuals. This warrants the development of new therapeutic strategies in both the newly diagnosed and recurrent patients.

The impact of bilirubin ditaurate on platelet quality during storage.

Bilirubin ditaurate (BRT), a conjugated bilirubin analogue, has demonstrated anti-platelet characteristics following acute exposure. Scavenging of mitochondrial superoxide and attenuation of granule exocytosis suggested a potential benefit for including BRT for storage. With no reports of cytotoxicity following acute exposure, the impact of 35µM BRT on platelet function was investigated, in clinically suppled units, for up to seven days.

Unprecedented Microbial Conversion of Biliverdin into Bilirubin-10-sulfonate.

Biliverdin (BV) possesses antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, with previous reports identifying protection against oxidant and inflammatory injury in animal models. Recent reports indicate that intra-duodenal administration of BV results in the formation of an uncharacterised metabolite, which is potently absorbed into the blood and excreted into the bile. This compound may be responsible for protection against inflammatory responses.

Diagnostic criteria and contributors to Gilbert's syndrome.

Hyperbilirubinemia is a well-known condition in the clinical setting; however, the causes of elevated serum bilirubin are diverse, as are the clinical ramifications of this condition. For example, diagnoses of individuals vary depending on whether they exhibit an unconjugated or conjugated hyperbilirubinemia. Diagnoses can include conditions of disordered bilirubin metabolism (Gilbert's, Crigler-Najjar, Rotor, or Dubin-Johnson syndromes) or an acquired disease, including alcoholic/non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, hepatotropic hepatitis, cirrhosis, or hepato-biliary malignancy.