Varenicline Over-The-Counter Trial on Efficacy and Safety.

Introduction: Varenicline helps people who smoke quit at rates 2-3 times greater than placebo. Currently, in the United States, varenicline is not available over the counter (OTC).

Aims And Methods: In this study, we assessed the safety and efficacy of 1 mg and 0.

Collegiate Student-Athletes' Use and Knowledge of Third-Party-Tested Nutritional Supplements: An Exploratory Study.

Context: Nutritional supplement use in athletes is common, accompanied by potential doping risk.

Objective: To determine athletes' nutritional supplement and third-party-tested (TPT) supplement use, supplement knowledge, and factors influencing their behavior.

Design: Cross-sectional study.

Explorative Characterization of GI Complaints, General Physical and Mental Wellbeing, and Gut Microbiota in Trained Recreative and Competitive Athletes with or without Self-Reported Gastrointestinal Symptoms.

The current state of the literature lacks a clear characterization of gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms, gut microbiota composition, and general physical and mental wellbeing in well-trained athletes. Therefore, this study aimed to characterize differences in self-reported symptoms, gut microbiota composition, and wellbeing (i.e.

Development of a screener to assess athlete risk behavior of not using third-party tested nutritional supplements.

Introduction: The aim of this cross-sectional study was to develop an algorithm to predict athletes use of third-party tested (TPT) supplements. Therefore, a nutritional supplement questionnaire was used with a section about self-reported TPT supplement use.

Methods: Outcomes were randomly assigned to a training dataset to identify predictors using logistic regression models, or a cross-validation dataset.

Retrograde Intramedullary Nailing Versus Locked Plating for Extreme Distal Periprosthetic Femur Fractures: A Multicenter Retrospective Cohort Study.

Objectives: To compare clinical and radiographic outcomes after retrograde intramedullary nailing (rIMN) versus locked plating (LP) of "extreme distal" periprosthetic femur fractures, defined as those that contact or extend distal to the anterior flange.

Design: Retrospective review.

Setting: Eight academic level I trauma centers.

Incisional negative pressure wound therapy may not protect against post-operative surgical site complications in bicondylar tibial plateau fractures.

Purpose: To determine if incisional negative pressure wound therapy is protective against post-operative surgical site complications following definitive fixation of bicondylar tibial plateau fractures.

Methods: A retrospective analysis of patients diagnosed with an acute bicondylar tibial plateau fracture (AO/OTA 41-C) undergoing ORIF from 2010 to 2020 was performed. Patients received either a standard sterile dressing (SD) or incisional negative pressure wound therapy (iNPWT).

Validity of combined hydration self-assessment measurements to estimate a low vs. high urine concentration in a small sample of (tactical) athletes.

Purpose: Relationships between body weight, urine color (Uc), and thirst level (WUT) have been proposed as a simple and inexpensive self-assessment method to predict dehydration. This study aimed to determine if this method also allowed us to accurately identify a low vs. high urine concentration in (tactical) athletes.

Virtual Post-Intervention Speech and Language Assessment of Toddler and Preschool Participants in Babble Boot Camp.

Purpose: Babble Boot Camp (BBC) is a parent-implemented telepractice intervention for infants at risk for speech and language disorders. BBC uses a teach-model-coach-review approach, delivered through weekly 15-min virtual meetings with a speech-language pathologist. We discuss accommodations needed for successful virtual follow-up test administration and preliminary assessment outcomes for children with classic galactosemia (CG) and controls at age 2.

Cannabidiol Use Patterns and Efficacy for Children Who Have Cerebral Palsy.

Cannabidiol (CBD)-containing supplements are used by children with cerebral palsy (CP), but the prevalence and efficacy of their use have not been studied. We sought to describe CBD use patterns and perceived efficacy in the pediatric population with CP, evaluating any association between CBD use and health-related quality of life. Patients with CP were prospectively enrolled, and caregivers were offered the Caregiver Priorities and Child Health Index of Life with Disabilities (CPCHILD) Questionnaire and a survey assessing CBD use.

Curiosity and intentions to use myblu e-cigarettes and an examination of the 'gateway' theory: Data from cross-sectional nationally representative surveys.

Encouraging adult smokers who are uninterested or unwilling to quit, and would otherwise continue to smoke, to transition to potentially less harmful nicotine products such as electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) may positively impact population health. However, counterbalancing this benefit is the societal concern that ENDS may be used by never smokers and youth and serve as a 'gateway' into cigarette smoking. Data were analysed from two independent surveys of the prevalence and perceptions of myblu ENDS use in the United States.

Optimizing Orthopaedic Trauma Implant Pricing Through a Data-Driven and Surgeon-Integrated Approach.

Objective: To determine whether market-based pricing could be coupled with surgeon integration into negotiation strategies to achieve lower pricing levels for orthopaedic trauma implants. A secondary aim was to identify specific types of implants that may offer larger opportunities for cost savings.

Methods: Market pricing levels were reviewed from 2 industry implant databases.

Market survey of disposable e-cigarette nicotine content and e-liquid volume.

Inaccurate labels on some e-cigarette products have prompted calls for routine testing to monitor product label integrity. The objective of this study was to compare label statements of commercial disposable/non-chargeable e-cigarette products for nicotine concentration and e-liquid volume with analytically verified levels. Commercial e-cigarette samples were analyzed for nicotine concentration (N = 51), e-liquid volume and total nicotine content (N = 39).

Examination of the impact of myblu electronic nicotine delivery system e-liquid nicotine strength on self-reported measures of dependence.

Background: Greater nicotine delivery is associated with higher nicotine concentrations in electronic nicotine delivery system (ENDS) liquids. However, there is a current debate as to whether this leads to increased dependence and mitigates ENDS public health potential.

Methods: Self-reported dependence among users of myblu ENDS containing different nicotine concentrations was examined with data from a multiwave cross-sectional survey of US young adults and adults.

A randomised, crossover, clinical study to assess nicotine pharmacokinetics and subjective effects of the BIDI stick ENDS compared with combustible cigarettes and a comparator ENDS in adult smokers.

Background: Nicotine pharmacokinetic assessments of electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) are crucial to understand their ability to provide an alternative to cigarette smoking. Subjective effects data also strongly contribute to this understanding. The BIDI Stick is a disposable ENDS product which contains 59 mg/ml nicotine benzoate salt and various flavours.

ICD-10 codes do not accurately reflect ankle fracture injury patterns.

Objective: To determine the accuracy of International Classification of Disease Version 10 (ICD-10) coding for ankle fracture injury patterns.

Design: Retrospective cohort study PATIENTS: 97 adult patients with fractures about the ankle (rotational ankle fracture or distal tibia fracture) from 2016 to 2020, selected by stratified random sampling.

Intervention: Assignment of an ICD-10 code representative of a rotational ankle fracture, pilon fracture, or unspecified fracture of the lower leg.

Changes in Pediatric Sports Injury Presentation During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Multicenter Analysis.

Background: The current coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has prompted a multitude of public health response measures including social distancing, school cancellations, and cessation of organized sports.

Purpose: To examine the impact of COVID-19 and corresponding public health measures on the characteristics of common pediatric musculoskeletal injuries associated with sports.

Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3.

Automated Generation of Personalized Shock Wave Lithotripsy Protocols: Treatment Planning Using Deep Learning.

Background: Though shock wave lithotripsy (SWL) has developed to be one of the most common treatment approaches for nephrolithiasis in recent decades, its treatment planning is often a trial-and-error process based on physicians' subjective judgement. Physicians' inexperience with this modality can lead to low-quality treatment and unnecessary risks to patients.

Objective: To improve the quality and consistency of shock wave lithotripsy treatment, we aimed to develop a deep learning model for generating the next treatment step by previous steps and preoperative patient characteristics and to produce personalized SWL treatment plans in a step-by-step protocol based on the deep learning model.

Prospectively Assigned AAST Grade versus Modified Hinchey Class and Acute Diverticulitis Outcomes.

Background: The American Association for the Surgery of Trauma (AAST) recently developed a classification system to standardize outcomes analyses for several emergency general surgery conditions. To highlight this system's full potential, we conducted a study integrating prospective AAST grade assignment within the electronic medical record.

Methods: Our institution integrated AAST grade assignment into our clinical workflow in July 2018.

A Multidomain Approach to Assessing the Convergent and Concurrent Validity of a Mobile Application When Compared to Conventional Methods of Determining Body Composition.

Determining body composition via mobile application may circumvent limitations of conventional methods. However, the accuracy of many technologies remains unknown. This investigation assessed the convergent and concurrent validity of a mobile application (LS) that employs 2-dimensional digital photography (LS2D) and 3-dimensional photonic scanning (LS3D).

Prospective study of short-term quality-of-life after traumatic rib fractures.

Background: Postdischarge convalescence after traumatic rib fractures remains unclear. We hypothesized that patients with rib fractures, even as an isolated injury, have associated poor quality of life (QoL) after discharge.

Methods: We prospectively enrolled adult patients at our level I trauma center with rib fractures between July 2019 and January 2020.

The Perilous Use of Proxy Variables.

It is often not stated or quantified how well measured proxy variables account for the variance in latent constructs they are intended to represent. A sensitivity analysis was run using data from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe to estimate models varying in the degree to which proxy variables represent intended constructs. Results showed that parameter estimates differ substantially across different levels of variable representation.

Combining Stress Exposure and Stress Generation: Does Neuroticism Alter the Dynamic Interplay of Stress, Depression, and Anxiety Following Job Loss?

Objective: Emerging models of stress point to a dynamic formulation where stressors and internalizing symptoms reciprocally influence each other. This study tested whether this dynamic interplay is the result of a general internalizing process underlying both depression and anxiety, and whether it varies with neuroticism.

Method: A total of 426 adults (51% female; 47% White, 42% African American) were assessed five times over 6 months following loss of employment, using repeated measurements of stressors, depression, anxiety, and neuroticism.

Relationship between smokers' modes of entry into quitlines and treatment outcomes.

Objectives: To assess the relationship between the mode of entry into a quitline service and subsequent tobacco use treatment outcomes.

Methods: A retrospective study using logistic regression analysis of 11,040 Arizona Smokers' Helpline (ASHLine) clients was conducted to determine whether self- or medical referrals were related to 7- and 30-day point prevalence tobacco treatment outcomes at 7 months postquit.

Results: Smokers referred to the ASHLine by a health care provider were more likely to quit smoking than were those who self-referred.

Performance measure of urinary antigen in patients with Streptococcus pneumoniae bacteremia.

The Streptococcus pneumoniae (SP) urinary antigen (UAg) test is a commonly used assay. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the test's actual performance in the clinical setting and determine the effects of renal function, grade of bacteremia, and severity-of-illness scores on its outcome. Patients with pneumococcal bacteremia were retrospectively identified and stratified on the basis of glomerular filtration rates, number of positive blood cultures, and CURB-65 scores.